Phonological Processes

Weak Syllable Deletion

The omission of an unstressed syllable

Ex. “banana” → “nana”

• /bəˈnænə/ → /ˈnænə/

• (Dropped the weak first syllable: /bə/)

“computer” → “puter”

• /kəmˈpjuː.tɚ/ → /ˈpjuː.tɚ/

• (Dropped the weak first syllable: /kəm/)

Final Consonant Deletion

The deletion of the final consonant

Ex. basket: /ˈbæ.skɪt/ → baskie: /ˈbæ.ski/

Market: /ˈmɑr.kɪt/ → Mark: /ˈmɑr.ɪt/

Reduplication

The repetition of a whole syllable, typically the 1st syllable

Ex. Bottle: /ˈbɑtəl/ → Baba /ˈbɑbɑ/

Mommy: /ˈmɑmi/ → Mama: /ˈmɑmɑ/

Cluster reduction

Where one or more consonants in a consonant cluster are deleted, simplifying the cluster.

Ex. Stop: /stɑp/ → Top: /tɑp/

Pumpkin: /ˈpʌmp.kɪn/ → Pukin/ˈpʌ.kɪn/

Birthday: /ˈbɝθ.deɪ/ → Birday /ˈbɝ.deɪ/

Hand: /hænd/ → Han: /hæn/

What are the Syllable structure assimilatory processes?

Weak syllable deletion, Reduplication, Final Consonant deletion, and Consonant cluster reduction

What are the Substitution assimilatory processes?

The change in manner. Stopping, Fronting, Deaffrication, Gliding, and Vocalization

Stopping

Substitution of a stop for a fricative or affricate. (you get a stop, but you want a fric. or aff.)

ex. Fun: /fʌn/(fricative) → Pun /pʌn/ (stop)

Chop: /ʧɑp/ (affricate) → Top: /tɑp/ (stop)

Fronting

A substitution of an alveolar for a palatal/velar

(you want a velar/palatal and get an alveolar)

Ex. Ex. King: /kɪŋ/(Velar) → Ting: /tɪŋ/ (alveolar)

Ship: /ʃɪp/(palatal) → Sip: /sɪp/(alveolar)

Deaffrication

A substitution of a Fricative for an Affricate

(want a affricate, yet you get an fricative)

Ex. Chew: /ʧu/ → Shoe: /ʃu/

Juice: /ʤus/ Zuss: /zus/

Gliding

Glide for a liquid

(You want a liquid but you get a glide),

Ex. Lake /leɪk/ → Wake /weɪk/

Lamp: /læmp/ → Yamp: /jæmp/

Road: /ɹoʊd/ → Woad: /woʊd/

Vocalization

Want a liquid (l & r), yet you get a vowel

Ex. Bottle: /bɑtəl/ → Botto: /bɑto/

What are the assimilatory processes?

Labial ass., Aleveolar ass., Velar ass., Prevocalic, and Devoicing

Labial assimilation

When you’re supposed to produce a non-labial phenome, yet it is produced labially.

Ex. Put: /pʊt/ → Pup: /pʊp/

Mad: /mæd/ → Mab: /mæb/

Cap: /kæp/ → Pap /pæp/

Alveolar assimilation

When you’re supposed to produce a non-alveolar phenome, yet it is produced Alveolarly.

Ex. Goat: /ɡoʊt/ → Doat: /doʊt/ /g/ → /d/

Top: /tɑp/ → Tot: /tɑt/ /p/ → /t/

Window: /ˈwɪndoʊ/ → Nindo: /ˈnɪndoʊ/ /w/ → /n/

Velar assmilation

When a non-velar is produced with a Velar phoneme.

(Don’t want a velar, but you get a velar )

Ex. Take: /teɪk/ → Kake: /keɪk/

Coat: /koʊt/ → Coke: /koʊk/

Prevocalic

Voicing occurs before the vowel

Ex. /kæp/ → /gæp/

Top: /tɑp/ → Dop: /dɑp/

Devoicing

Devoicing at the end of words.

Ex. Bed: /bɛd/ → Bet: /bɛt/

Ride: /ɹɑɪd/ → Rite: /ɹɑɪt/

Bilabial sounds

/p/, /b/, /m/, /w/

Alveolar sounds

/t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /l/, /n/

Velar sounds:

k, g, ɾ, ŋ, w

Palatal

/ʃ/, /ʒ/, /j/, /ɹ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/

Glottal

/ʔ/, /h/