PSY241-1.Chapter9.Powerpoint

Physical Development

Refers to the changes in height, weight, and overall physical health during middle childhood.

Body Growth

During middle childhood, girls are generally taller than boys, and children gain about 5 to 7 pounds annually.

Childhood Obesity

Condition defined by a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex.

Motor Development

The progression and improvement of gross and fine motor skills during middle childhood.

Gross Motor Skills

The physical skills that involve large muscle movements, such as running and jumping.

Fine Motor Skills

The skills associated with smaller movements, such as writing and buttoning.

Asthma

A chronic condition characterized by wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath due to airway constriction.

Psychological Disorders

One in five children has a disorder that causes some level of impairment.

Learning Disabilities

Difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities.

Dyslexia

A specific learning disorder that affects reading abilities.

Metacognition

Awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes, including the understanding about memory processes.

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

A Vygotskian concept representing the range of tasks that a child can perform with guidance.

Vocabulary Growth

Increase in the number of words a child understands and uses during middle childhood.

Bilingualism

The ability to use more than one language.

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

A measure of intelligence, calculated using a child's mental and chronological age.

Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Suggests that intelligence is composed of various kinds of abilities, not just traditional measures.

Mainstreaming

Integrating students with special needs into regular education classrooms to the maximum extent appropriate.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A condition caused by a mother's alcohol consumption during pregnancy, leading to cognitive and physical disabilities.

Acceleration

Educational approach that allows gifted students to progress through the curriculum at an advanced pace.

Enrichment

Educational strategies that provide deeper or more complex learning opportunities for students at grade level.