McGraw Hill Chapter 25 (The digestive system)

What is Excretion?

The process of separating wastes from the body fluids & eliminating them from the body

What part (a cavity) of the digestive systems functions in ingestion, speech, & respiration?

Oral cavity

The portion of a tooth that is above the gum is known as?

The crown of the tooth

Which describes tooth enamel?

A call-free protective layer over the crown

Which describes dentin?

A yellowish tissue forming the bulk of the tooth

Which are functions of saliva?

Aids in swallowing, dissolves molecules so they can be tasted, cleanses mouth & teeth

Which are found in saliva?

Lipase, amylase, mucus, lysozyme, water

As a group, the salivary glands located outside of the oral mucosa are categorized as what?

Extensive salivar

What is the straight muscular tube conveying food from the pharynx to the stomach called?

Esophagus

Another name for the act of swallowing is?

deglutition

State another term for the process of chewing:

Mastication

What is gastroenterology?

The study of the digestive tract

Which are the pancreatic enzymes that digest protein?

Carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, trypsin

List in order from smallest to largest, the segments of the small intestine:

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Which valve is found at the junction of the small & large intestines?

Ileocecal

The term Villi refers to what?

The small fingerlike projections of the lining of the small intestine

Which reflex is triggered by food in the stomach, relaxes the Ileocecal valve, & allows residue into the cecum?

Gastroileal

The mucus-secreting cells in the epithelium of the intestine are called what?

The goblet cells

What is the function of the brush border?

To increase surface area for absorption

What substrate goes with the pancreatic enzyme amylase?

Starch

What substrate goes with the pancreatic enzyme Ribonuclease?

RNA

What substrate goes with the pancreatic enzyme Lipase?

Fats

What substrate goes with the pancreatic enzyme Trypsin?

Proteins

What substrate goes with the pancreatic enzyme Deoxyribonuclease?

DNA

The insulin-secreting accessory organ of the digestive system that is both an endocrine & exocrine gland is what?

The pancreas

The duct that runs lengthwise through the pancreas, joining the bile duct at the hepatopancreatic ampulla is what duct?

The pancreatic duct

The ____ of the pancreas secrete sodium bicarbonate, while the ______ of the pancreas secrete digestive enzymes.

Duct cells; acinar cells

Which pancreatic secretion neutralizes the acid in the chyme arriving in the duodenum?

Sodium Bicarbonate

Trypsinogen is converted to trypsin by what?

Enteropeptidase

Which are pancreatic zymogens?

Chymotrypsinogen, Trypsinogen, Procarboxypeptidase

Chymotrypsinogen is converted to chymotrypsin & procarboxypeptidase is converted into carboxypeptidase by what enzyme?

The enzyme trypsin

The pancreas secretes sodium _____ into the duodenum in order to neutralize acid arriving from the stomach.

Bicarbonate

List in order the passage of bile from its point of secretion in the liver to the duodenum:

(1) Bile canaliculus, (2) Bile ductile, (3) Hepatic duct, (4) Common hepatic duct, (5) Bile duct.

Within the hepatic lobules, hepatocytes secrete bile into narrow channels called what?

Bile canaliculi

Bile passes from the bile canaliculi into the bile _______ before it flows into the hepatic ducts.

Ductules

What is a goblet cell?

A mucus-secreting epithelial cell

What is a lacteal?

A lymphatic capillary within a villus used for lipid absorption

Which enzymes are located within the plasma membrane of enterocytes in the small intestine?

Brush border enzymes

The tubular glands within the mucosa & submucosa of the small intestine are called what?

Intestinal crypts

What is the function of the duodenal glands?

To secret bicarbonate-rich mucus to neutralize stomach acid

Which of the following are found in intestinal juice?

Mucus & Water

Which of the following is achieved with small intestinal muscle contractions?

The propelling of contents along the intestines, An increased contact of chyme with the intestinal lining, The mixing of chyme with secretions

Muscular contractions called _____ involved altering ring-like constrictions at several places along the intestine.

Segmentation

Which contractions begin after digestion & absorption of nutrients is completed & move chyme toward the colon?

Migrating motor complex

The segment of the digestive tract indicated in this figure is...

Esophagus

Which segment of the alimentary canal is indicated by this figure:

Pharynx

Match each label with its smallest Intestine segment of A,B, & C?

(C) Ileum, (A) Duodenum, (B) Jejunum