health 3010 exam 1 second part

staging vs grading. Which is preferred?

staging

what are the 6 categories of disease

heredity

trauma

inflammation/infection

hyperplasis/neoplasms

nutritional balance

impaired immunity

impaired immunity

body’s first line of defense

hypoxia

not enough oxygen

anoxia

no oxygen

metastasize

cancer cells spread to other parts of the body to form new tumors

hyperplasias

overgrowth in response to some type of stimulus

grading vs staging

• grading determines degree of abnormality

• staging determines the size and degree of spread

Serous exudate

Clear, serum-like fluid

• Acute state of inflammation

• E.g., skin blisters, cold sores

. Fibrinous exudate

Indicates larger injury with severe inflammation

• E.g., strep throat, bacterial pneumonia forming mesh-like

lesion

• Superficial skin – scab

Purulent exudate

pus

Abscess

collection of pus

Empyema

accumulation of pus in body cavity

primary union

A wound is closed with sutures, staples, glue, or other means,

allowing it to heal from underneath the closure.

secondary union

A wound is left open to heal naturally instead of being stitched

together. To fill the wound, large numbers of capillaries, fibroblasts,

and collagen must be produced

complications of wound healing

Poor or excessive scar formation

scar formation: wound

dehiscence

Separation of tissue margins

scar formation: keloid scar

Excessive collagen formation

scar formation: adhesions

Fibrous bands of tissue that attach to surfaces of adjacent organs as scar

tissue develops

Opportunistic

Normal flora become pathogenic under certain conditions

Conditions for microorganisms to become pathogenic:

• Microorganisms gain access to body through portal of entry

• Pathogen resistant to defenses of host

• High number of invading microorganisms

• Vulnerable condition of individual or host

leading cause of death in the US

Cardiovasciular disease

leading cause of death in nc

cancer

Staphylococcus

Bacterium on skin

Streptococcus

Bacterium that live on skin and in throat

fungi

Microscopic plant-like organisms larger than bacteria, only few are pathogenic

RICKETTSIAE

Microscopic organisms that are intermediate between bacteria and

viruses

PROTOZOA

Single-celled microscopic organisms

Found in soil

Malaria- most common

symptoms of infection

fever

tachycardia

malaise

leukocytosis

how to test for infection

skin test, swab, blood, culture

what is the most common form of infectious disease

respirtatory disease

comprehensive care vs holistic care

comprehensive care is focusing on medical services to cover physical & mental hlth

holistic expands that scope to treat the whole person—including emotional, lifestyle, and spiritual well-being