chemistry - composition of matter

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Chemistry

Atoms

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9 Terms

1
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precise masses and charges of the sub-particles of the atom


1\.67\*10^ -27 - proton - (1.602\*10^-19)

1\.67\*10^-27 - neutron - 0

9\.11\*10^-31 - electron - (-1.602\*10^-19)

2
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difference between atomic mass and atomic number
Atomic mass is the total mass of an atom, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
3
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what is an isotope?
An isotope is a variant of an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in its nucleus.
4
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Ions definition
An ion is an atom or molecule that has an unequal number of protons and electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge. Ions can be positively charged (called cations) or negatively charged (called anions) depending on whether they have lost or gained electrons.
5
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what is the avogadro's number?
Avogadro's number is the number of atoms, molecules, or particles in one mole of a substance, which is approximately 6.022 x 10^23.
6
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what is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
A compound is a substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio. A mixture, on the other hand, is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded and can be separated by physical means.
7
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homogenous VS heterogenous mixture
A homogenous mixture is a uniform mixture where the components are evenly distributed throughout the mixture. A heterogenous mixture is a non-uniform mixture where the components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture.
8
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4 different types of chemical formulas
There are four different types of chemical formulas: empirical formula (simplest ratio), molecular formula, structural formula (shows bounds), and skeletal formula (backbone).
9
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calculation of mass percentage
Mass percentage is calculated by dividing the mass of the solute by the mass of the solution and then multiplying by 100. The formula for mass percentage is:

`Mass percentage = (mass of solute ÷ mass of solution) × 100%`