Rise of Nationalism Reader and Worksheet

To a Nationalist, what is almost always implied?   

Often Nationalism implies national superiority and glorifies various national virtues

To a Nationalist, what is most important?

The welfare of the nation-state as an entity is considered paramount. "Paramount" means of the highest rank, power, or importance.

During the 19^th century, how did Nationalism express itself?

Drive for national unification or independence

Who did the Germans rise up against?

The empire of Napoleon

Characterize Germany before and after Napoleon.

When the fragmented, smaller, Germanic states were finally unified as the German Empire in 1871, it was one highly authoritarian and militarist state, After Napoleon's fall, the Congress of Vienna (1815) created the German Confederation, a loose association of just 39 states.

Besides the Germans, what were the four other people groups that had strong nationalist movements? 

Austrian and Ottoman empires, and Ireland and Poland.

These nationalist conflicts helped start which war? 

 World War 1

As France spread the ideas of the Revolution across Europe, they installed governments in conquered countries. What effect did this have? 

Abolished titles of nobility, ended church privileges, opened careers to men of talent, ended serfdom and manorial dues

How did many Europeans see the French Army?

Saw the French Army as foreign oppressors

Why did the conquered countries resist having French culture imposed on them?

They wanted to keep their own culture. Nationalism

How did the Germans resist France? To what end?

Leaders encouraged national loyalty to counter French influence

What two actions did Napoleon take in Spain? What was the result?

In Spain, Napoleon tried to undermine the Spanish Catholic Church and placed his brother on the throne.

What is guerilla warfare, and who used it?

Guerilla warfare is hit and run tactics. Spaniards loyal to the church and the king staged guerrilla wars against the French,

Given what you know about Nationalism, what huge mistake did the Congress of Vienna make? What effect might this have?

They redrew national boundaries with no concern for national cultures? People will become trapped inside countries not their own and will cause nationalistic feelings and actions to result

How did the Congress of Vienna aggravate the Germanic peoples?

They created a loosely organized German Confederation with Austria as the head, but the Germans were dreaming of a strong, unified German nation.

In what three specific ways did Napoleon create nationalistic feelings in his conquered territories?

Fragmented territories, Guerrilla Warfare, Napoleon imposed a unified legal code

What did Napoleon do that should have resulted in his immediate demotion from General to dead guy?

.Napoleon invaded Russia

What four actions did Napoleon take that made people really, really mad?

Napoleon’s conquest of Europe, the burden of continental system, the British blockade and high taxes.

What were the four main goals of the Concert of Europe?

Maintain the balance of power, suppress any uprisings inspired by the ideas of the French Revolution, preserve the territorial status quo, and protect ¨legitimate¨ governments.

What was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna? Explain.

Create a balance of power that would preserve peace.

Who were the Big Five?

Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia, France

List the three key goals of the Congress.

Organize a peace that would bring stability to europe, contain france, don’t punish france

Even though the Allies wanted legitimacy, what was the concern?

They didn’t want to disrupt the power within the continent

Identify the contributors to the Congress of Vienna with their respective countries.

Austria was represented by Prince Klemens von Metternich, the Austrian minister of state who was also acting president of the Congress. The Russians sent Alexander I, the emperor of Russia. The main delegate from Prussia was Prince Karl August von Hardenberg, and Great Britain was represented by Lord Castlereagh, and later Arthur Wellesley, the first duke of Wellington.

How did France shrink?

France was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoleon

What did Orange get?

The dutch republic was united with austrian netherland to form a single kingdom of the netherland in the house of orange

What happened to Poland? 

Russia and Finland got effective control over the new kingdom of Poland

Parts of Italy went to who?

Austria

Who was going to need a bigger navy? Why?

Britain because they gained control of the seas.

Where did the German Confederation come from? 

In place of the defunct Holy Roman Empire, the German Confederation was created

How long did the peace of Europe last because of the Congress?

40 years

What was the first United Nations…of a sort? Why?

The concert of europe because it was the first serious attempts in modern times to establish an international society to maintain the peace

Give the Concert’s two main successes.

The concert of Europe was successful in suppressing uprisings for constitutional governments in both Spain and Italy in the respective years of 1820 and 1822.

two reasons were given for why Britain was not supporting the Concert of Europe? 

Profits and Nationalism

What aided the Concert in Latin America?

The Monroe Doctrine which prevented any European nation from gaining control of Latin America.

What did Russia gain from helping the Ottomans? Why would that be important? Did you look at a map to find it?  

The Ottoman empire bountifully rewarded Russia with the treaty of Unikarskelessi in 1833. Which gave Russia an advantageous access to the straits between Bosporus and Dardanelles.

How did the Concert check Russia?

.The straits convention of 1841 restricted foreign warships from entering the straits, thus Russia couldn't build a giant navy and upset the balance of power.

Where did the Concert begin to fail?

The Concert was unable to stop the unifications of Germany and Italy

What were the circumstances surrounding the Concert’s final collapse?

In the Crimean War, Russia expanded into the Ottoman Empire. France and Britain went to war with Russia trying to keep balance of power, but instead sacrificed the peace, thus the great powers were fighting against each other for national interests

How did the Treaty of Paris,1856, seal the fate of the Concert, and who was the key player?

Because Russia was not allowed to have battleships in the black sea or the Straits, they were at a disadvantage with the rest of the concert, and ultimately having no reason to back them.