Knes 259 Anatomical Terminology & Planes of Motion

What does anatomy mean

Anatomy= Structure

What does physiology mean

Physiology= function

What are the 6 levels of structural organization in the body

Starts with chemical level

then cellular

then tissue

then organ

then system

then organism level

3 systems we study in knes 259

skeletal, muscular, nervous

Axilla

Armpit

5 Regions of the body

head/neck

upper limb/extremity

thorax ,back, abdomen

pelvis, perineum

lower limb/extremity

What is the anatomical position

everything is pointing forward (head, eyes, palms, feet, toes)

used to describe most parts of the body in knes

The 3 Anatomical Planes

3 major ones. all 90 degrees to each other. even if person rotates the planes stay the same regardless of position cuz everything is relative to the anatomical position

Midsagittal plane

Frontal

Frontal plane

3 anatomical directions

1. Superior and inferior (top and bottom)

2. Medal and lateral (going in towards the midline as medal and going away from the midline as lateral).

3. Distal and Proximal (refers to the upper and lower limbs. it coming closer to the attachment point of the lower limbs or closer to the torso). ex in this case proximal would be something towards the shoulder. something distal is closer to the digits. humerus is proximal to anula/radius. the anula/radius is distal to the humerus

note anatomical directions are relative to other organs. ex stomach is superior to small intestine and inferior to the lungs

Another name for inferior can be caudal (closer to the tail or inferior part of torso or body). Another name for superior could be cranial (closer to the head)

you have to use caudal and cranial together. and superior and inferior together.

Anterior vs Posterior (Ventral vs Dorsal)

Describes more anatomical directions.

Posterior (dorsal) =nearer to the back

Anterior (ventral)= nearer to front

used in reference to how u view frontal plane too

What naming do we use for the hands and feet? Define each

Dorsal/dorsum vs Palmer or Dorsal vs Plantar = naming

Dorsal/dorsum of the hand= posterior part of hand

Palmer side= palmer surface of the anterior side (in anatomical position) of hand

Plantar=underneath the foot/sole

Dorsal/dorsum of foot= top of the foot

3 layers of the body describe

Superficial= nearer to surface/outside of body

Intermediate= btw a superficial and a deep structure

Deep= farther from surface

again it is all relative. the skin is muscle is superficial to what..

summary including ipsilateral and contralateral

summary of terms that work together:

2 key things to describe human movement. Where must be the action happen?

1. axis of movement

2. action/plane of movement

The action occurs in the plane perpendicular to the axis it moves about

There are 4 axis of rotation, name the 1st and the axis it goes with and what it achieves

1. Medial-lateral (ML or “mediolateral”) axis. It goes with the Sagittal plane of motion. The achieves flexion (decreasing the joint angle) and extension (increasing joint angle)

There are 4 axis of rotation, name the 2nd and the axis it goes with and what it achieves

Superior-inferior (SI or “vertical”) goes with transverse plane of motion. Goes with rotation like rotation of the neck, head, or the thigh.

Direction of the rotation depends if its moving away or towards the midline. Medial/internal rotation= thigh turning/rotating towards the midline. Lateral/external rotation= thigh turning/rotation away from midline

There are 4 axis of rotation, name the 3rd and the axis it goes with and what it achieves

Anterior-posterior (AP or “Anteroposterior”) axis goes with frontal plane of motion. Achieves abduction ( move away from midline/anatomical position) and adduction (adding that part to the body, returning it to anatomical position) of the shoulder or hip joint

There are 4 axis of rotation, name the 4th and the axis it goes with and what it achieves

A combination of the Medial-lateral axis and anterior posterior axis makes a circular motion called circumduction. Happens in frontal and sagittal plane of motion.

It is a combination of abduction and adduction and extension and flexion. Happens with anything able to do abduction/adduction and extension and flexion like the shoulder or finger. you can move both in circles cuz u can abduction/adduction and extension /flexion can happen with them

A special movement called gliding is seen where usually and which axis does it fall into.

carpal bones of the wrist. doesn’t fall into any of the 4 axes of rotation

A special movement called inversion and eversion happening at the ankle exists. Describe inversion and eversion

inversion= sole/plantar side of foot facing inwards

eversion= sole/plantar facing outwards