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Who is the concert promoter?
The person who promotes the show and holds the risk of the concert not being successful. They deal with ticket promotions and marketing the show.
What is a talent buyer?
When a concert venue takes on the risk and responsibility of the concert promoter and assumes more risk. They procure talent for the venue.
What are the 3 categories of concert promoters.
National promoters, local and regional.
What does “four walls” mean?
The Promoter takes all the money from ticket sales and assumes the full financial risk. The venue has guaranteed revenue but no upside.
How much profit can the venue actually make
Assume that all will remain is standing room only, Budget for 60% of the house
What are gross box office receipts.
All receipts from the sale of tickets before any taxes or fees are deducted.
Net box office receipts
GBOR minus taxes and fees that the parties agree to
Gross Potential
Capacity of venue x the value of a ticket
net potential
gross potential - complimentary tickets
Guarantee
Money paid to the artist regardless of how many tickets are sold.
Promoter Profit
Agreed upon minimum amount of money that the promoter will keep as profit once all expenses are paid for
Expenses
costs related to producing and promoting the event
Split Point
number at which the revenue from the event exceeds the expenses + promoter profit
Overage
The amount of money over a split point
Bonus
The amount an artist gets if certain targets are met
What split do they divide up the expenses with?
85 to 15 with larger to the artist
What is a facilities fee
fee on tickets that goes to the owner of the theater with deal sweetness.
What are back times?
Before digital music and streaming
How to market the concert?
Social Media, Radio and Tv- shows the 30-60 second advertisement fees
channel cluster- local cable networks
direct mail and email
print media
postering and street teams
sponsorship and soft dollars
What is block booking?
Booking multiple tickets at once.
Future of concerts
Virtual and private performances
What are some types of values
Stadiums: Seating of 30,000+
Amphitheaters: 5,000-30,000+
Festival Sites: 10,000-130,000 patrons
Arenas: 20,000
Theaters: 300-2,000
Concert Halls/Performing arts centers: 1,000-3,000
mid size music venues
small size music venues
What are some considerations in agreements with venues?
Rentals- installments and rental fees
venue services and equipment offered
merch sales
hall fee- cover the cost that venue incurs to make a sal 25-30%
What per cap mean?
Per capita or per season
What is non fungible token?
blockchain-based tokens that each represent a unique asset like a piece of art, digital content, or media
What are naming rights?
Corporate sponsor rights to large venues - events may have their own sponsors
What are performance licenses?
Public performance triggers an obligation to pay songwriters and music publishers a fee collected by PRO, venues have to have a public performance license
How to manage risk
You need security, Learn about outdoor events- crowd control, financial risk - force majuere
What to know about ticketing?
Ticketer deducts a service fee
Deadwood
unsold tickets
Paper the house
Give away tickets
Scaling the house
Decide what will be sold at what is
Dynamic Pricing -
adjust price based on customer behavior
General admission
No specified seats
VP tickets
very important person
What is the impact of technology
Created a secondary ticket market- scalpers and scale, Digital infrastrutcture and wifi and apps, cashless, geofencing
What are departments in major venues
Operations- oversees venue as a business making sure they communicate and function as a team
Marketing and event production- campaigns with promoters
security
food and beverage
Companies to know
The international association of venue managers
What is a music License
An agreement memorialize in writing granting one party permission to use something the other party controls (IP)
What you need to know when licensing music?
The name of the licensor - party who owns or manages the rights.
The name of the licensee- party who is seeking permission to use the IP
Description of the IP - name and identifying details
How the IP can be used
How the licensor will be compensated
What are some composition options
License fee or reoccurring payment based on usage called a royalty
if there is a royalty there is usually an advance
Who owns the copyright of a musical composition or song
composer
Who owns the sound recording
record label
Blanket License
Licensor grants permission to all the work they own
Work by work
only use specific work
Voluntary
Licensee has to request permission
Compulsory rate
Law grants permission to use the work
Statutory rate
royalty rate created by the copyright royalty board right to use the work by law
What is Creative commons
A place that people make their music available in , non profit, note is a work of derivative or adaptation - title - attribution
What does a CC license require
Attribution of the original author, works title or name
What are some other PRO licenses?
A direct license - or pass through from the party who has secured the rights from the copyright owner
What do the big three do?
ASCAP and BMI - 10% of gross receipts to cover overhead
How do they calculate the weight of a performance
How the music is used, where it is performed, how much the licensee pays, time of tday of the performance, premium credits
What is CMO
Blockchain usage
Standardized identifiers?
Interested party information number, affiliate, international standard musical work code.
Regulation of PRO
content decree- court approved
Mechanical license
interactive streaming
Eligibility for compulsory license
Violation = infringement but violation of voluntary is breach of contract
Musical work - non dramatic nature
previously reproduced and dist4ributed
no change to basic moldy
must make or distribute physical or digital
Voluntary License
Controlled composition - grants label first use mechanical license for any compositions that the artist or producer writer
What is notice of intention
?
Mechanical royalty rates
gather and total these values:
Revenue collected by the digital service for the month for a particular offering (subscriptions or ad suported), number of subscribers of the service in the month, number of streams in the month, amount of money paid by the srervice to the record labels for use of their recordings, amont of money paid to PRO for the performance of the musical works - use the formula to arrive at per stream royalty rate = each song streamed multiply number of treams by the per stream royalty rate
What are some other licenses and their purposes
sample and remix
audio and transcription
dramatic music rights
Advance
From the moment the deal is signed until the show is played
What are some different deals on personal appearances
guarantee (flat fee deal) - you show up I pay you a certain amount of money
Percentage deal- a percentage of gross box office receipts -GBOR
percentage versus deal - certain amount of money or 50% of gross box office receipts or whichever is greater
percentage plus deal - (fixed figure + %)/10,000 (split point)
What is the score
instrumental muic behind action - good for markeitng and sets mood
What is a music supervisor
read script and think what song would work well in this scene
What is a master use license
covers the master recording
What is a synch
cover musical compositions - not obligated to grant
How does music supervising work
Music supervisor will put together a brief indicating what is needed - is this background, is it featured, is there vocal, is it going to be the full length of the song or 30 seconds of the song
In most cases if there is a certain amount of money budgeted for a specific scene it will be divided equally
Movie producers will hire someone to sing the song in the scene of the movie pay on buyout
Music supervisor would look to the publisher
Sign off an advance or retain all rights - clear music and recording good to go and very quickly
If you are taking a copyrighted piece of music and adding something to it then…
you need consent this is called creating a derivative work and that needs permission
What are copyrights
Cover original literary and artistic expressions (original creativity)
Ex: musical compositions, books, paintings, plays, movies, software
Protects against unauthorized use or copying- rewards creative expression and originality
Term: Go for the life of the author + 70 years
copyright.gov - in order to get copyright protection the work needs to be fixed intangible form
You can not copyright a title
What does fixed intangible form mean
Wrote out or recorded
Not singing out loud
PA- composition
SR- recording
What are trademarks
Commercial identification -commerce
Ex: words, slogans, phrases, logos
Protect against market confusion
Demonstrate continued use
Federal copyright- use it interstate
What are patents
Scientific inventions or innovation rewarding novelty and utility
Keep others from marketing or selling it
Issues in band agreements
Song writer getting paid more
Leaving Member clause
New member
Income splits
Expectations for each member
Responsibilities
How decisions are made - unanimous/majority
Who has the trademark
Elements for a live show to work
Rehearsal
Harder for bands - have to coordinate and get space
Mirror , tools etc
Booking agent
Find work and employment
Touring negotiation
By the promoter and artist representation (agent) deal struck include advance and budgeting
What is the advancing process
Somebody from the promoter venue side and the artist side will begin regular frequent communication to stay in touch until the show is played, making sure everything is in order
Budgeting - promoter + artist
Always have more control over your expenses than you do over your income
What is the settlement process
during or after the show
When the artist gets paid
Large- during the show
Money is designated to be paid to be paid
Calculation not negotiation
What do you have to budget for
talent and venue costs
Artist budget
Transportation of people and equipment
Even if you pay people on the road
Artists team
Contingency fund
What is included in live show paperwork
Contract
Better if its in writing
Factors to include in the personal appearance contract
Where it is
when
Date time and duration
Who are the parties
Radius clause - that artist can not perform for a certain period of time before of after that show within a certain radius
Does it have to be cash or check
Rule with photographers
Rule with photographers
Force majeure
If labor shortage or any emergencies
Indemnity
One party legal liability then caused problem will be responsible for whatever it caused the other party
International issues
Currency and exchange rates
Rider
tech , hospitality, security, mech
Tech rider- specifications for what that artist needs - sound equipment, lighting etc
What is force majeure
If labor shortage or any emergencies
What is idemniy
One party legal liability then caused problem will be responsible for whatever it caused the other party
What is a rider
?