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17 Terms
1
Newton's First Law of Motion
An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion at constant velocity unless acted upon by a net external force.
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2
Newton's Second Law of Motion
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass; mathematically expressed as ∑F = ma.
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3
Newton's Third Law of Motion
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
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4
Free-body Diagram (FBD)
A graphical illustration used to visualize the forces acting on an object.
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5
Static Friction
The force that resists the initiation of sliding motion between two surfaces in contact; Ffs ≤ μs * FN.
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6
Kinetic Friction
The force that opposes the motion of two surfaces sliding past each other; Ffk = μk * FN.
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7
Weight (Fg)
The force exerted by gravity on an object, calculated as Fg = mg, where g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²).
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8
Coefficient of friction (μ)
A numerical value representing the frictional properties between two surfaces; μs for static friction, μk for kinetic friction.
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9
Projectile motion
The motion of an object thrown into the air with an initial velocity, subject to only the force of gravity.
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10
Vertical projectile motion
Motion under the influence of gravity in the vertical direction, where acceleration is ay = -g = -9.8 m/s².
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11
Horizontal projectile motion
Motion in which an object moves with constant horizontal velocity, ax = 0 m/s².
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12
Angle of launch (Θ)
The angle at which an object is projected relative to the horizontal plane.
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13
Initial velocity components
For an angled launch, the initial velocity is divided into horizontal (vix = vi * cos(Θ)) and vertical (viy = vi * sin(Θ)) components.
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14
Equilibrium
A state in which the net force on an object is zero, resulting in no acceleration.
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15
Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity of an object; occurs when there is a net force acting on the object.
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16
Sum of Forces (∑F)
The vector sum of all forces acting on an object; used in Newton's second law as ∑F = ma.
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17
Inclined Plane
A flat surface tilted at an angle, used to analyze forces acting on objects moving up or down the plane.
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