History quiz...

John Adams’ presidency

John Adams tried to avoid war with france - he went out of his way to end the undeclared naval war with france
France negotiated with Adams because Napoleon was busy in Europe. : He was effectively able to negotiate with France

XYZ Affair

In an attempt to reach an agreement with France, Adams appointed a diplomatic commision of three men (including John Marshall: the future chief justice) to Paris in 1797.
They hoped to meet with Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, the French foreign minister, but were instead secretly approached by three unnamed go-betweens, who were later referred to as X, Y, Z.
They demanded a loan of 32 million florins + a bribe of $250,000 for the privilege of merely talking with Talleyrand (intolerable terms that caused negotiations to quickly break down)

Alien Act

President could deport dangerous foreigners in time of peace and defensible as a war measure
This was an arbitrary grant of executive power contrary to American tradition/Constitution. Never enforced.

Sedition Act

slap at two priceless freedoms guaranteed in the Constitution by the Bill of Rights:
Freedom of speech and freedom of the press (First Amendment)
This law provided that anyone who impeded the policies of the government, or falsely defamed its officials, would be liable to a heavy fine and imprisonment
Federalists believe it was justified

Alien & Sedition Acts - why they were promoted by the federalists

to keep the critics quiet, to keep winning their elections

The Sedition Act - how it might have violated the constitution? (In what way?)

As it called for anyone who hindered the policies of the government or falsely defamed its officials to receive a heavy fine and imprisonment, it went against the two priceless freedoms that are guaranteed in the constitution by the bill of rights.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: What were they written in response to?

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were written in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

What is the idea of nullification?

What does nullification eventually lead to?

What is the Compact Theory? In trying to explain the idea of nullification, Jefferson and Madison said the states had a compact (another word for agreement)

An agreement in the states and the federal government.

Washington’s farewell address(what did he warn?)

He advised the “permanent alliances” between American and other countries stay put.

Why were the French angry about the Jay treaty? What did the Jay treaty do? What is it?

The French were angry about Jay’s treaty because it seemed like a surrender to Britain, which betrayed the Jeffersonians. Jay’s treaty was an agreement between the British and the United States.

Why did the British seize American ships? (impressment)

They did this to gain people to board along their ship, in order to keep it going (obtaining a crew)

Why did Washington proclaim neutrality? Even though Jefferson was furious

Washington proclaimed neutrality for the self-interest of the basic cement of alliances.

Political parties started to form around the differences of Hamilton and Jefferson’s ideas for the federal government

Had to do with the financial plan of Hamilton

What did james madison and jefferson do?

Federalists argued there's no agreement between the states and the federal government but it's between the states and the people. Madison and Jefferson set the agreement between other states.

How did Hamilton promote raising money? What was the main source of income for the United States?

Hamilton’s Financial program

Anti federalist

Becomes democratic

Idea of compact theory

contract between states and federal government and if one of those brea that contract you can nullify it

Federalist

becomes republican

Why wasn’t Hamilton president

he was ineligible for election because he wasn’t born in the US

Hamilton’s financial program benefit

wealthy industrialist

What was the whiskey rebellion about?

The Whiskey Rebellion was a 1794 uprising of farmers and distillers in western Pennsylvania in protest of a whiskey tax enacted by the federal government.

What were Madison and Jefferson against?

Hamilton’s financial plans for the government.

What role did Jefferson play in washington’s administration?

Jefferson served as Washington's Secretary of State.

What role did Hamilton have in washington’s administration?

On September 11, Washington appointed Hamilton as the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States

What was the bill of rights intended to do?

It guarantees civil rights and liberties to the individual—like freedom of speech, press, and religion. It sets rules for due process of law and reserves all powers not delegated to the Federal Government to the people or the States.

One of the reasons why the constitution was delayed in ratifying

Because of disputes over representation, voting, and the western lands claimed by some states, ratification was delayed.

What made maddison go from being in free support of the constitution to the wanting to write nullifications?

Hamilton’s financial plan.

Hamilton’s financial plan came after

the constitution was adopted.

Political parties in america started by

people disagreeing with Hamiltons overreach

How did Washington react to the war between Britain and France

Washington’s policy was to remain neutral.

What did washington base the neutrality proclamation on?

Washington thought it would keep america out of the war between britain and france

What did Jefferson think about the neutrality proclamation?

he disagreed with it

why did Jefferson disagree with the

neutrality proclamation

Thought it would bring them into the problems with france and britain

Which country made it more difficult to be neutral, why?

Britain has a lot more contact with the US, Britain has a larger Navy gave the US more trouble, intercepts US tarde vessels especially in the West Indies.

Jay treaty-

Vitalized the newborn Democratic-Republican party It was seen as a betrayal of the Jeffersonian South Even Washington’s huge popularity was compromised by the controversy over the treaty. Fearing an Anglo-American alliance, Spain moved to strike a deal with the United States in the Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795.

What did the Jay treaty accomplish?

accomplished nothing except negative things like making france angry.

Why did jay’s treaty make france mad

Condemned it as the initial step toward an alliance with Britain, their perpetual foe Assailed it as a flagrant violation of the Franco-American Treaty of 1778 French warships, in retaliation, began to seize defenseless American merchant vessels, three hundred by mid-1797 The Paris regime refused to receive America’s newly appointed envoy and even threatened to arrest him.

Why did washington step down after two terms?

Exhausted from diplomatic and partisan battles, he decided against future terms.

His choice contributed powerfully to establishing a two-term tradition for American presidents.

What did washington warn about?

He advised the “permanent alliances” between American and other countries to stay put. He warned about political parties.

Election of 1796 after washington step down was the

election of personalities

What did Jeffersonian democratic republicans believe?

believed in state’s rights and states should have more power than federal government, ideal citizen was a farmer, future of america was its land and agriculture

Hamilton believed the future of america was

business and manufacturing

Hamilton’s financial program relied upon

trade

Why was Hamilton pro britain when deciding who to be closer with during the war between France and Britain?

biggest trade partner was britain

Federalist beliefs

Rule by the "best people"

Hostility to extension of democracy

A powerful central government at the expense of states' rights

Loose interpretation of Constitution

Government to foster business: concentration of wealth in interests of capitalistic enterprise

A protective tariff

Pro-British (conservative Tory tradition)

National debt a blessing, if properly funded

An expanding bureaucracy

A powerful central bank

Restrictions on free speech and press

Concentration in seacoast area

A strong navy to protect shippers

Anti Federalist Beliefs

Rule by the informed masses

Friendliness toward extension of democracy

A weak central government so as to preserve states' rights

Strict interpretation of Constitution

No special favors for business; agriculture preferred

No special favors for manufacturers

Pro-French (radical revolutionary tradition)

National debt a bane; rigid economy

Reduction of federal officeholders

Encouragement to state banks

Relatively free speech and press

Concentration in South and Southwest; in agricultural areas and backcountry

A minimal navy for coastal defense

Kentucky and virginia resolution -

resolutions concluded that the federal regime *had* exceeded its constitutional powers and that with regard to the Alien and Sedition Acts, “nullification”

John Adams

sought peace with france at the end of his term which probably cost him the election but he felt he prevented the outbreak of a war.

He was hated by Hamilton
Most ominous of all, Adams inherited a violent quarrel with France—a quarrel whose gunpowder lacked only a spark.

France negotiated with adams because

napoleon had to deal with europe.