Intellectual Disabilities

Developmental disability

severe, chronic, lifelong and manifested before age 22

attributable to mental and/or physical impairment

results in substantial functional limitations in 3 or more major life activities

Intellectual Disability

characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. the disability originated before the age of 22

Intellectual functioning

refers to general mental capacity, such as learning, reasoning, problem solving, and so on

Adaptive behavior

collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that are learned and performed by people in their everyday lives

Conceptual skills

language and literacy; money, time, and number concepts; and self-direction

Social skills

interpersonal skills, social responsibility, self-esteem, gullibility, naiveté, social problem solving, and the ability to follow rules/obey laws to avoid being victimized

Practical skills

activities of daily living (personal care), occupational skills, healthcare, travel/transportation, schedule/routines, safety, use of money and use of telephone

What are five assumptions essential to the application of definition

limitation must be considered within context or community

valid assessment considers diversity

limitations often co-exist with strengths

purpose of describing limitations is to develop profile of needed supports

with appropriate supports, life functioning will improve

Prevalence of intellectual disability

1-3% of total population

Diagnostic procedure for intellectual disability

one or more standardized IQ tests

standardized tests of adaptive behavior

medical tests (blood tests, ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling)

Intelligence

refers to general mental capacity

score 2 standard deviations below mean

cut off score - 75

Adaptive behavior

measured within their community and context

skills people learn so they can function in everyday lives

score is 2 SD below M

differs from problem behaviors

Diagnostic Procedure

team determines needs across dimensions

identities supports resources and individual strategies to promote

Levels of support: Intermittent support

as needed basis

Levels of Support: Limited support

over limited time span

Levels of Support: Extensive support

daily basis; some life areas

Levels of Support: Pervasive support

support in all environments; daily

What causes intellectual disability?

trauma and brain disease/environmental factors

What causes intellectual disability: Genetic Disorders

retts syndrome, cri du chat, down syndrome, and prader willi

What causes intellectual disability: Infections

congenital rubella, CMV, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, and encephalitis

What causes intellectual disability: Metabolic

PKU and hunter syndrome

Etiology for intellectual disabilities

trauma or physical injury (pre, peri, or post natal injury)

low birth weight, failure to thrive (organic/non organic), environmental deprivation, malnutrition, and lead poisoning

Treatment/Interventions: Residential

family homes, foster care, group homes/CLA, interim care facility, life sharing, independent living, supported living, long term care, and nursing homes

Treatment/Interventions: Educational

segregated and inclusive settings

Treatment/Interventions: Vocational

supported employment (individual, enclave, mobile work crew, small business, and supported self employment

competitive employment

Treatment/Interventions: Volunteer

community agencies

Treatment/Interventions: Retirement

senior activity groups