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catholic church + islam
For the Catholic Church, there has been a move in reconciliation with Islam
The Second Vatican Council states that salvation includes others who acknowledge the same creator, and explicitly lists Muslims among those. The Catholic position is that Jews, Muslims, and Christians all acknowledge the same God, though Jews and Muslims have not yet received the gospel
similarities between islam + christianity
Islam shares a number of beliefs with Christianity. They share similar views on judgement, heaven, hell, spirits, angels, and a future resurrection.
Jesus is acknowledged and respected by Muslims as a great prophet
The religions both share a belief in the virgin birth of Jesus, his miracles and healings, and that he ascended bodily into heaven.
differences between christianity and islam
However, Jesus is not accepted as the son by Muslims, who strictly maintain that he was a human being who was loved by God and exalted by God to ranks of the most righteous.
- They believe in God as a single entity, not as the Trinity accepted by the majority of Christians
Mulsims also do not accept Jesus’ crucifixion. Since Muslims believe only in the worship of a strictly monotheistic God who never assumed human flesh, they do not accept the use of icons, and see this as shirk (idolatry)
- Muslim influence played a part in the initiation of iconoclasm
- However, while Islam relegates Jesus to a lesser status than God (‘in the company of those nearest God’ in the Qur’an), mainstream trinitarian Christianity teaches that Jesus is God the Son, divinely co-equal with the Father and the Holy Spirit
islam + people of the book
Adherents of Islam have historically referred to themselves, Jews, and Christians as People of the Book since they all base their religion on books that are considered to have a divine origin
Christians however neither recognise the Qur’an as a genuine book of divine revelation, nor agree with its assessment of Jesus as a mere prophet, on par with Muhammad. Furthermore, they disagree with the idea that Muhammad was a real prophet