GENERAL BIOLOGY - G12-1STSEM

Robert Hooke

Coined the term "cells" after observing cork and plant tissue with a compound microscope

Robert Hooke

Compared them to honeycomb compartments.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Invented basic optical microscopes

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

discovered "animalcules" (bacteria, protozoa) from rainwater

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

also observed muscle fibers, sperm cells, red blood cells, gout crystals, and blood flow in capillaries.

Robert Brown

Discovered the cell nucleus

Robert Brown

described Brownian movement.

Felix Dujardin

Discovered protoplasm (originally called "Sarcode"), the living substance inside cells.

Matthias Jakob Schleiden

German botanist

Matthias Jakob Schleiden

co‑founder of cell theory with Schwann and Virchow

Matthias Jakob Schleiden

concluded that all plants are made of cells.

Theodor Schwann

German physician and physiologist

Theodor Schwann

extended cell theory to animals.

Henri Joachim Dutrochet

French physiologist

Henri Joachim Dutrochet

proposed the cell as both a structural and physiological unit of life

Henri Joachim Dutrochet

stated that all plant and animal tissues are made of globular cells.

Robert Remak

Polish scientist

Robert Remak

showed that animal cells arise from pre‑existing cells via binary fission, opposing Schleiden’s view.

Rudolf Virchow

Polish scientist

Rudolf Virchow

Father of Modern Pathology

Rudolf Virchow

stated “Omnis cellula e cellula” meaning all cells come from pre‑existing cells by division

Rudolf Virchow

helped solidify cell theory.