History of Catholic Social Teaching – Lecture Review

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A comprehensive set of question-and-answer flashcards covering key definitions, historical contexts, main teachings, and core principles from the lecture on the development of Catholic Social Teaching and its social encyclicals.

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39 Terms

1
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What is an encyclical?

A teaching letter issued by the Pope (or bishops) that explains Christian belief and practice, addressed to all Catholics and people of good will.

2
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What is a social encyclical?

An encyclical that focuses specifically on social issues such as family, economics, politics, technology, culture, and the common good.

3
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Which two centuries’ revolutions set the stage for modern Catholic Social Teaching (CST)?

The 18th and 19th centuries, marked by the Industrial Revolution and rapid scientific, economic, and political change.

4
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Name three negative effects of early industrial workplaces that CST sought to address.

Overwork, low pay, and unsafe or abusive working conditions.

5
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Which Pope wrote Rerum Novarum and in what year?

Pope Leo XIII in 1891.

6
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What major historical shift motivated Rerum Novarum?

The Industrial Revolution’s exploitation of factory workers and rise of both unregulated capitalism and socialism.

7
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Give two key teachings of Rerum Novarum about work.

1) Work is a way of participating in God’s creation, not a punishment. 2) Workers must be treated with dignity, receiving just wages and safe conditions.

8
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How does Rerum Novarum view private property?

As a right that must be used responsibly for the common good; socialism’s abolition of property is rejected.

9
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Who authored Quadragesimo Anno and when?

Pope Pius XI in 1931 (40 years after Rerum Novarum).

10
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Which global crisis framed Quadragesimo Anno?

The onset of the Great Depression and growing concentration of economic power.

11
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What two extremes does Quadragesimo Anno reject?

Unrestricted capitalism and materialistic socialism.

12
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Define the principle of subsidiarity as taught in Quadragesimo Anno.

Problems should be handled by the smallest competent authority—families, local groups—before larger governments intervene.

13
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Who wrote Mater et Magistra and Pacem in Terris?

Pope John XXIII (Mater et Magistra – 1961; Pacem in Terris – 1963).

14
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What global imbalance is a primary concern of Mater et Magistra?

The widening gap between developed (rich) and developing (poor) nations, especially neglect of rural life.

15
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List four foundations of peace according to Pacem in Terris.

Truth, justice, love, and freedom.

16
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During which tense geopolitical period was Pacem in Terris issued?

The Cold War, shortly after the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.

17
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State two human rights emphasized in Pacem in Terris.

The rights to life, religious freedom, work, education (any two).

18
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Which council produced Gaudium et Spes and Dignitatis Humanae?

The Second Vatican Council (1965).

19
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What is the central theme of Gaudium et Spes?

The Church’s solidarity with the joys, hopes, griefs, and anxieties of all humanity, especially the poor.

20
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Name two social problems addressed by Gaudium et Spes.

Possible answers: poverty, war/nuclear threat, unjust economic systems, racism, disconnect between faith and modern life (any two).

21
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What core teaching is found in Dignitatis Humanae?

Religious freedom is a fundamental human right that governments must protect.

22
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Who authored Populorum Progressio and what is its main focus?

Pope Paul VI (1967); it explains authentic, holistic human development and urges solidarity with the most vulnerable.

23
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Which Pope wrote Laborem Exercens and what does it emphasize?

Pope John Paul II (1981); it places human work at the center of the social question.

24
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Give the titles of two additional social encyclicals by John Paul II.

Sollicitudo Rei Socialis (1987) and Centesimus Annus (1991).

25
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Who issued Caritas in Veritate and what crisis does it analyze?

Pope Benedict XVI (2009); it studies the cultural and moral crisis of modern society and calls for a new Christian humanism centered on charity.

26
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What is the key concept of Laudato si’ and who wrote it?

Integral ecology—linking care for creation with social justice—written by Pope Francis in 2015.

27
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List three core principles of Catholic Social Teaching (CST).

Human dignity, solidarity, and the common good (others include preferential option for the poor, stewardship, rights and responsibilities).

28
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Define the ‘preferential option for the poor.’

A commitment to prioritize the needs of the poor and vulnerable in social, economic, and political decisions.

29
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What does CST teach about stewardship?

Humans are caretakers of creation, responsible for preserving the environment for present and future generations.

30
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How does CST view the relationship between rights and responsibilities?

Human rights come with corresponding responsibilities to respect the rights of others and contribute to the common good.

31
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Which principle calls us to solve problems at the most local competent level?

Subsidiarity.

32
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According to CST, what is solidarity?

A moral commitment to stand with and care for all people, recognizing our interdependence.

33
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Why does CST encourage political participation by Christians?

To shape society toward justice, protect the poor, and promote the common good.

34
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What does CST say about ‘just wage’?

A wage sufficient for workers to support themselves and their families with dignity.

35
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Which document first articulated the right to just wages and safe working conditions?

Rerum Novarum (1891).

36
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How does Gaudium et Spes propose the Church engage modern culture?

By dialogue with science, culture, and social progress while staying rooted in Gospel values.

37
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What international body did Pacem in Terris encourage to be an instrument of peace?

The United Nations.

38
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What is meant by ‘integral development’ in Populorum Progressio?

Development that is holistic—economic, social, cultural, and spiritual—promoting the full flourishing of every person.

39
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Which CST principle underlies Laudato si’s call for environmental justice?

Stewardship, understood as integral ecology connecting human and environmental wellbeing.