Public health history

Maslovs hierarchy of needs

in order: Air, water, food, shelter, care

Public health codes

based on society’s belief system and the society ‘s understanding of health disease

• oral tradition —→ written laws

EX: trible rules, chinese empire, bible, koran

salus populi

suprema lex esta= “let the welfare of the people be the supreme law

Roman senate

Ancient Greeks

started the movement that how you treat your body and the worlda round you impacts your health

• Personal hygeine (bathe), Physical fitness (olympics), Naturalistic concept

naturalistic concept

disease is caused by imbalances between man and his environment (air, water, places)

Hippocrates

Father of western medicine:

• -causal relationships: disease results from imbalance of person and environment: climate, soil, water, lifestyle, and nutrition

• -illness has a physical and rational explanation

Coined health related terms including acute, chronic epidemic

who Coined health related terms including acute, chronic epidemic

hippocrates

Roman Empire

• -adopted greek health values

  • -greatengineers (Build sewage systems and aqueducts)

• -started PH administration (public baths, water supply, markets)

Middle ages

• -Rise of Christianity in Europe:

• - saw rise in the belief that disease is a punishment for sin… or fate

• -church provides charity for the sick

-Beginnings of PH tools

• Quarantine of ships

• Isolation of diseased individuals

STARTED THE IDEA OF TAKING CARE OF THE SICK

The black death

75-200 Million died worldwide (unsure due to lack of records)

• 25 million in Europe (40% of population)

Renaissance and Global exploration

-disease spread by traders and explores

-indigenous people in americas had never experienced the illness and it killed 90%

Age of reason and Enlightenment

Birth of modern medicine

• William Harvey and Edward Jenner

Vaccines and dissection

• William Harvey

• -used disection to create theories

• -advanced understanding of human anatomy

  • -first to suggest that humans and other mammals reproduced via the fertilization of an egg by sperm

Edward Jenner

-1796 cowpox experiment

• Found people who didn’t get small pox because they had cowpox and became immune

• Created the first vaccine by injecting cowpox pus into a baby

Industrialization Urbanization

“New” and worse PH problems

• -Poverty

• -Slums

• -Disease

  • -57% of working class children died before 5th birthday in manchester compared to 32% in rural districs

John Snow

Father of epidemiology

• -discovered that cholera was a waterborn disease by mapping all peopple infected and found a pattern connected to a water pump they drank from

• -his discoveries encouraged the construction of sewers and prepare for another outbreak

  • -he made it possible to have cities with millions of people and be sustainable

Henry Whitehead

local minister that was socially connected with those interviewed by john snow and helped figure out who drank from the pump

Great Sanitary Awakening

Growth in scientific knowledge

• humanitarian ideals

• -connection bewteen poverty and disease

• -water supply and sewage removal

  • -monitor community healthh

umanitarian ideals

value of human life, fix suffering

England sanitary reform

1842 Chadwick report survey into the sanitary condition of the laboring classes in great Britain

• -landmark research graphic description of fifth spread, reforms in sanitation and health care

US sanitary reform

used health statistics as a tool to fight disease

• -System of sanitary inspection

• -vaccine programs

  • -public health infor for citizens became more common as well as medical school

Louis Pasteur

discovered germs in 1862 caused diseases

• coined term vaccine

Robert Koch

identified vibrio that causes cholera

-Kochs postulates

-discovered tuberculosis bacterium

Sanitation revolution

Life expectancies increased because:

-clean water

-food inspection

‘-soaps

-personal hygiene

-public works departments (garbage collection street cleaning)

-public health regulation