Cell Resp

Location of Glycolysis

Cytosol

Summary of Glycolysis

Splits glucose into 2 pyruvate

2 ATP used to attach 2 phosphates to glucose
Split into 2 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
NAD+ attaches another phosphate to each G3P (uses electron to become NADH)
Phosphate is given to ADP to become ATP

Net: 2 ATP + 2 NADH

Pyruvate oxidation happens where

mitochondrial matrix

if Oxygen is present, pyruvate enters mitochondria

Pyruvate oxidation summary

1 carbon of pyruvate (out of 3) is oxidized and released as CO2
Other 2 carbons are oxidized → the e- is sent to NAD+
Coenzyme A is attached by its sulfur group to the 2 carbons

Acetyl CoA is formed.

Net: 2 CO2 and 2 NADH

Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle location

Mitochondrial Matrix

Citric Acid Cycle summary

2 carbon of acetyl CoA is attached to oxaloacetate (4 carbon molecule) to form Citrate (6 carbons)

2 carbons are released as CO2

Electrons are carried off into NADH (3) and FADH2 (1)

1 ATP is made as well

4 carbon oxaloacetate is regenerated

Repeat because 2 acetyl CoA’s

Net: 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2

Alcoholic ferm

release CO2 from pyruvate → become acetaldehyde (no oxygen for pyruvate oxidation)

Acetaldehyde is reduced by NADH to ethanol → regenerate NAD+ to do glycolysis again

Bacteria and yeast

Lactic Acid Ferm

pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate

no CO2