RAD TECH Burton year 1 FINAL

November 8,1895

The date when Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, marking a significant milestone in medical imaging and radiology.

Wilhem Conrad Roentgen

A German physicist who discovered X-rays, revolutionizing medical imaging.

Length of 1st x-ray

Approximately 15 minutes. Taken of Bertha Roentgen’s hand.

Edward C. Jerman

Helped found the American Society of Radiologic Technologists in 1920 in Chicago. (ASRT) Father of X-ray.

ARRT

Established standards and examinations to certify radiologic technologists. Write state licensing exams for limited techs.

ASRT

Writes the curriculum for the for the limited techs and ARRT creates the exam.

VSRT

Virginia Society of Radiologic Technologists, a professional organization supporting radiologic technologists in Virginia.

Code of Ethics

A set of guidelines designed to promote ethical conduct among radiologic technologists and ensure high standards of professional practice. Aspirational document.

Rules of Ethics

Mandatory and enforceable rules that techs should be adhering to.

Standards of Ethics

The rules of ethics and the code of ethics make it up.

Where limited techs can work

Outpatient clinics, hospitals, and urgent care settings.

Reciprocity

An agreement between states to recognize and accept each other's licenses and certifications for professionals.

Supervision of limited rad techs in Virginia

Requires a physician or a full technologist only, nothing less.

Typical duties of a rad tech

Reviewing the order, completing paper work, greeting patient, taking a history, taking x-rays, cleaning room

definition of a profession

any type of work, one that needs a high level of education or a particular skill.

Characteristics of a profession

Professional appearance, reliable, ethical behavior, organized, soft skills

Professional organizations

associations that seeks to advance a certain career, develop and nurture the growth of employees in a particular industry and provide a public service to help the community. ASRT and VSRT.

Continuing Education

Additional formal learning activities that are generally not focused on a college degree outcome.

Morals.

Right actions based on religious teachings

Values

The priorities that are placed on the significance of moral concepts

Laws

legal requirements for behavior

Ethics

rules that apply values and moral standards to our actions

Professional ethics

The principles that govern the conduct of individuals in professional roles, ensuring integrity and accountability in practice.

Principle based ethics

a widely accepted standard for selecting and defending solutions to ethical dilemmas.

Moral agent

The person responsible for implementing the ethical decision

Patient’s Rights

Patient info pamphlet

Informed consent

necessary for any procedure considered experimental or involving risk

Source of x-rays

x-ray tube

tube housing

lead lined container for x-ray tube, minimizing exposure.

scatter raditation

radiation that is deflected from its original path after interacting with matter.

tube port

opening in the tube housing that allows x-rays to exit and reach the patient.

primary raditiation/beam

the initial beam of x-rays produced by the x-ray tube before any interactions with matter.

radiation field

the area exposed to radiation during an x-ray procedure.

central ray

the imaginary line that represents the main axis of the x-ray beam, directing the user where to align the radiographic part and the image receptor.

align

to position the radiographic part and image receptor in accordance with the central ray for optimal image quality.

image receptor

the device that captures the x-ray image, which can be film-based or digital.

Remnant/exit radiation

the radiation that passes through the patient and reaches the image receptor, creating a diagnostic image.

latent image

the invisible image that is formed on the image receptor after exposure to radiation but before processing.

attenuation

absorption of the x-ray beam

primary source of scatter

the patient

radiation fog

the unwanted density on an image caused by scatter radiation and other factors that obscures details.

computed radiography

A method to generate digital images in x-ray imaging that uses PSP plates to store the x-ray exposure into a latent image, that is then digitized.

photostimulable phosphor (PSP)

A phosphor used in computed radiography plates to absorb the x-ray energy and store it until it is processed by a special unit and laser light.

CR reader

A unit used in computed radiography to scan and process the latent image, convert it to an electrical signal, and then send it to a computer for viewing.

Digital Radiography

A form of radiography that uses x-ray sensitive plates to directly capture data during the patient examination, immediately transferring it to a computer system.

x-ray room

a room consisting of the x-ray equipment, a counter area, and a protected control booth

x-ray machine

a machine consisting of x-ray tube, tube support, control console, transformer cabinet, radiographic table, and a wall cassette holder

x-ray tube

a tube that is encased in barrel shaped tube housing (insulates and protects), provides a mounting for attachments, and could be mounted to the wall or ceiling.

electromagnetic locks

what movements of the tube are controlled by

detent

a special mechanism that tends to stop a moving part in a specific location

collimator

a box-like device attached under the tube housing that allows the technologist to vary the size of the radiation field

radiographic table movements

adjustments to alter the postition of the table, vertical, tilting, and floating tabletop

grids

a device that absorbs most of the scatter radiation coming off the patient and tabletop and prevents it from reaching the IR.

wall stand

a device that holds the IR in the upright position so the patient may be performed in the erect positions

control stands

the acess point at which the technologist sets the exposure factors and initiates the exposure.

Transformer cabinet

function is to produce the high voltage required for x-ray production and the low milliamperage (mA) needed in the xray tube.

HIPAA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

HIPAA Title I

provides for the continuing health care coverage when there is a loss or change in employment

HIPAA Title II

requires the US Dept. of Health and Human Services to protect the privacy rights of patients and increase the efficiency of the health care system by drafting rules and creating standards for the use and giving out of health care information.

3 Components for fire to burn

Flammable source, oxygen, heat

4 causes of accidental fires

spontaneous combustion, open flames, smoking, electricity

RACE

Rescue, sound alarm, contain, extinguish

PASS

pull pin, aim nozzle, squeeze, sweep

Types of fire extinguishers

Class A (paper or wood), Class B (liquids or gases), Class C (electric equipment of wiring)

Pathogen

Any organism or agent that can produce disease in a host

Viruses

Small pox, rabies, influenza, COVID-19

Bacteria

tetanus, botulism, E. coli, tuberculosis, strep throat, UTIs, ear infections

Fungi

Athlete’s foot, ringworm

Protists

Giardiasis, Malaria

Worms

tapeworm, guinea worm

Assault

The threat of touching in a harmful manner

Battery

Unlawful touching of a person without consent

False imprisonment

The unjustifiable detention of a person against their will

Invasion of privacy

confidentiality of information is not maintained, or the patients body has been exposed or touched

Defamation of Character

Disclosed information reflects negatively on a patient’s reputation

Slander

oral or verbal defamation

Libel

written or posted defamation

negligence

the neglect or osmission of resonable care

Respondeat Superior

Employer is responsible for the employees actions

Rule of Personal Responisibility

Each person is liable for their own negligent conduct

Emergency

A serious event that happens unexpectedly and demands attention

Why take a history

to provided information on why an examination is being done

Questions to ask when taking a history

Onset, Duration, Specific Location, Qualitity of pain, Aggravates it, Alleviates

Temperature Normal Range

97-99 degrees F

Temperature Fever

anything over 100.4

Pulse

The advancing pressure wave in an artery caused by the discharge of blood when the left ventricle contracts

Normal Pulse

60-100 bpm

Tachycardia

rapid pulse, greater than 100 bpm

Bradycardia

Slow pulse, less than 60 bpm

thready pulse

weak rapid pulse, heart is not pumping enough blood

Where should pulse be taken

radial artery on lateral aspect of wrist at base of thumb

Respritory Rate

Number of inhalations per minute

Normal Respiratory Rate

12-20 breaths per minute

Dyspnea

difficulty in breathing

tachypnea

extremely rapid breathing

Normal Blood Pressure

systolic less than 120 mm Hg, Diastolic less than 80

Systolic

a measure of the pumping action of the heart muscle itself

Diastolic

the ability of the arterial system to accept the wave of blood forced into the system when the left ventricle contracts

Hypertension

abnormal high Bp

Hypotension

Abnormally low Bp