Chapter 32- Deuterostome Animals

Cartilage

________ is a strong but flexible tissue that consists of scattered cells in a gel- like matrix of polysaccharides and protein fibers.

Pharyngeal slits

________ or pouches, which are openings into the throat or pouches in the throat.

Echinoderms

________ have a unique series of branching, fluid- filled tubes and chambers called the water vascular system.

Cephalochordates

________ are also called lancelets, or amphioxus; they are small, mobile, torpedo- shaped animals with a "fishlike "appearance, and they make their living by suspension feeding.

flexible rod

A notochord, a stiff and supportive but ________ that runs the length of the body.

Bone

________ is a dense tissue consisting of cells and blood vessels encased in a matrix made primarily of calcium phosphate, along with a small amount of protein fibers.

Chordates

________ are deuterostomes characterized by the presence of four key morphological features at some stage in their life cycles:

Urochordates

________ are also called tunicates.

Ecological context

________ is important for evolution.

Central

The Anthropoidea, or anthropoids " (human- like), "include the New World monkeys found in ________ and South America, the Old World monkeys that live in Africa and tropical regions of Asia, and the Hominidae, or great apes- orangutans, gorillas, humans, bonobos, and chimpanzees.

Mammals

________ are a monophyletic group of amniotes named for unique structures, called mammary glands, that produce milk.

Madagascar

The prosimians " (before- monkeys) "typically consist of the lemurs, found in ________, and the lorises, pottos, and tarsiers of Africa and south Asia.

hindbrain

The ________ was responsible for balance and, in some species, hearing.

reptiles

The ________ are a monophyletic group that represents 1e second major ng lineage of amniotes beside mammals.

hominins

The ________ are a monophyletic group comprising Homo sαpiens and more than 20 extinct, bipedal relatives.

Endoskeleton

________ is a hard structure located just inside a thin layer of epidermal tissue, or skin, that protects and supports the body.

early embryonic

The deuterostomes (literally,"second- mouth) "were initially grouped together because they appeared to undergo ________ development in a similar way.

post anal tail

A muscular, ________, meaning a tail that contains muscle and extends past the anus.

milk nourishes

The ________ developing young, by a process called lactation.

Evolution

________ is not a linear progression from simple to complex.

mammalian placenta

The ________ is an organ combining maternal and embryonic tissues.

tetrapods

The first ________ to live on land were amphibians.

Tube feet

________ are elongated, fluid- filled appendages, each consisting of a balloon like ampulla inside the body and a tube- like podium projecting on the outside.

mammalian lineage

The ________ known as primates traditionally consists of two main groups: prosimians and anthropoids.

Echinoderms

________ are deuterostomes that share several synapomorphies- traits that identify them as a monophyletic group: radial symmetry in adults, an endoskeleton of calcium carbonate, and the water vascular system.

Mammals

________ are endotherms " (inside- heated) "that maintain high body temperatures by oxidizing large amounts of food and generating large amounts of heat.

Echinoderms are deuterostomes that share several synapomorphies-traits that identify them as a monophyletic group

radial symmetry in adults, an endoskeleton of calcium carbonate, and the water vascular system

The jawed vertebrates, or gnathostomes are a monophyletic group including five major living lineages

the cartilaginous fishes, ray-finned fishes, coelacanths, lungfishes, and tetrapods

The mammalian lineage known as primates traditionally consists of two main groups

prosimians and anthropoids