Charles vs Parliaments 1625-29

The sources of conflict between Charles and his parliament

(1625) Why did Charles feel personally attacked by parliament?

-parliament only granted 2 subsides of £140K out of the £1 m he demanded instead of the usual grant for life

-it attacked his support of Montagu on his book in 1624 which approves anti-Calvinism

-it dislikes Buckingham for his enormous influence

(1625) Why didn't parliament grant the amount Charles needed?

-he refused to explain

-the War with Spain earlier that year led to the administrative system not coping so naturally it is less trustful of the king

(1625) What did Charles do upon parliament's criticism of him?

He dissolved it

1626 What happened at York House Conference

-theological debate at Warwick to persuade Charles away from the anti-Calvinist Arminianism

-Charles refused to consider a discussion on his religious policies

-Charles was supported by Buckingham

1626 failure at Cadiz

-ship failed to even reach Spain as it was struck by violent storms in the Bay of Biscau and had to return

(1626) Who got removed by Buckingham?

-Sir Coke

-Sir Wentworth

(1626) Who got dismissed and arrested by Buckingham?

-Lord Keeper

-Lord Williams

-Lord Arundel

What did the 1626 Parliament oppose to do until those that were arrested and dismissed were released?

Do business with Charles

(1626) Who preached the opening sermon and created antagonism?

-Laud

(1626) How did Charles attempt to compromise with the Parliament?

-ordered punishment of recusants

-threatened France to return ships

(1626) Who produced the 6 articles

Dr Turner

(1626) What did the 6 articles do

Attack Buckingham's influence

(1626)Why did Charles become more antagonistic towards the parliament

Despite his attempts to compromise on anti French policy parliament launched impeachment on Buckingham

(1626) How did Charles stop the impeachment?

Dissolved the parliament

(1626) What did Charles' actions reinforce?

The impression of him as an absolutist king

What is imposed in 1626 by Charles and why is it so hated?

Forced loan which forces all subjects to pay an amount equivalent to what the parliament would have if subsidies passed

Anyone who refused to pay is imprisoned

What is the impact of the forced loan on Charles’ attitude towards Parliament and why?

Forced loan raised more money for the king than the 4 parliamentary subsidies would have

Charles concluded he didn’t need the oarleimtj

When did the first parliament run?

June to August 1625

When did the second parliament run?

February to June 1626

When did the third parliament run?

March to June 1628, January to March 1629

How did the war with French fail in 1625 which led to the parliament being critical of this expensive foreign policy?

Sending English troops to fight French Protestants was very unpopular, French made peace with Spain which led to Charles and Buckingham to go to war with France which is another failure where a third of the troops died

How long did the 1625 Parliament grant tonnage and poundage to Charles for, and what else did they grant him?

A year, and 2 subsidies

What does the 1636 Parliament require before granting Charles’ supplies?

Having their concerns met

What was the 1626-7 Five Knights case and what awareness did it lead to?

5 gentlemen imprisoned for refusing to pay the forced loan where Charles won a victory, whether the king had the right to remand prisoners without showing just cause

How bad was the defeat at La Rochelle 1627?

Out of 50k men in forces, a third of them died

7833 went to Rhé, only 2989 returned

What was the impact of the defeat in La Rochelle 1627?

Charles needed another parliament to give him funds

On what conditions are the 1628 Parliament willing to give Charles 5 subsidies?

Address: illegality of extra-parliamentary taxes, billeting troops raised for war by population of south west housing and feeding them to have their promised payment, martial law

Why did Charles dismiss the 1626 Parliament?

The commons demanded that Buckingham be dismissed

What are some of Charles religious policies that the Parliament opposed to?

-promotion of Laud

-clergymen who preached that the forced loan should be paid in obedience to king

-appointment of Arminian bishops in 1629

What did Charles claim in 1628 that angered the parliament?

The king had rights to imprison people for reasons of state

What was the 1628 Petition of Right?

-crown cannot collect taxes or loans without the consent of Parliament

-illegal martial law

How did Charles react to the 1628 Petition of Right?

He had no option but to accept it, but he continued to collect custom duties without the sanction of the parliament anyway

Why was Buckingham blamed for the failure of war with Franc in 1626?

He led the army which went to France

What was the 1629 Three resolutions presented by the 1628 Parliament?

-oppose tonnage and poundage

-oppose Arminianism by claiming these reforms consistute treason