Dosage Forms (PINK)

It is the process of comminution in which a paste is formed by combining the powder

material and a small amount of liquid in which the powder is insoluble.

I. levigation

II. Pulverization by intervention

III. Spatulation

A. I only

B. III only

C. I and II

D. II and III

E. I, II and III

A

Powders containing deliquescent and hygroscopic materials should be wrapped in

what kind of paper?

I.Vegetable parchment

II.Glassine paper

III.Waxed paper

A. I only

B. III only

C. I and II

D. II and III

E. I,II and III

B

This method is used when a small amount of potent substances is to be mixed

with a large amount of diluents.

A. Block and divide method C. geometric dilution E. trituration

B. Spatulation D. sifting

C

In preparing effervescent granulated salts, which of the following statement/s hold/s

true?

I. Effervescent granules can be prepared using two methods, the dry and

wet methods.

II. The effervcence from the released CO2 serves to mask the bitter or salty

taste of drugs.

III. Using tartaric acid as the sole acid would result in a sticky mixture which is

difficult to granulate.

A. I only C. I and II E. I, II and III

B. III only D. II and III

C

Which of the following powders can be classified as bulk powders?

I. Douche

II. Dusting powder

III. Insufflation

A. I only

C. I and II

B. III only

D. II and III

E. I, II and III

E

The following statement/s hold/s true for capsules:

I. They are solid dosage forms in which material agents &/ or inert

substance are enclosed within a small shell of gelatin.

II. Gelatin capsules may be hard or soft depending on their composition.III. Soft gelatin capsules are used by community pharmacist in the

extemporaneous compounding of prescriptions.

A. I only C. I and II E. I, II and III

B. III only D. II and III

B

Normally how many % of water is contained in a hard gelatin capsule?

A. 8-10 C. 20-25 E.5-10

B. 12-16 D. 2-5

B

The largest size of hard, empty capsule that can be swallowed is :

A. 00 C. 00 E. 0

B. 000

B

The following statement/s is/are true:

I. Gelatin is obtained by the partial hydrolysis of collagen obtained from the

skin, white connective tissue and bones of animals.

II. Although gelatin is insoluble in cold water, it does soften through the

absorption of up to ten times the weight of the water.

III. Gelatin is soluble in hot water and in warm gastric fluid; a gelatin capsule

rapidly dissolves and exposes its contents.

A. I only

B. III only

C. I and II

D. II and III

E. I, II and III

E

Prolonged exposure to high humidity can affect in vitro dissolution of capsules

containing:

I. tetracycline

II. Chloramphenicol

III. Nitrofurantoin

A. I only C. I and II E. I, II and III

B. III only D. II and III

E

This chemical agent is used to render the capsule opaque:

A. titanium dioxide C. Magnesium oxide E. lactose

B. Sorbitol D. Silica

A

The following statement/s is/are true for soft gelatin capsules (SGC):

I. SGC is made of gelatin to which glycerin or a polyhydric alcohol has been

added.

II. Methyl parabens can be used as preservatives to retard microbial growth.

III.SCGs can be prepared using the "punch" method and also require opaquants

to reduce transparency and render characteristics feature to the capsule shell.

A. I only C. I and II E. I, II and III

B. III only D. II and III

C

Types of liquids that may be encapsulated into soft gelatin capsules include the

following:

I. Vegetable and aromatic oils

II. Propylene glycol

III. Polyethylene glycols

A. I only C. I and II E. I, II and III

B. III only D. II and III

D

Substances added to capsules must possess the following characteristic/s:

I. Are harmless in the quantities used

II. Do not exceed the minimum amounts required to provide their intended effect

III. Do not impair the product's bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy or safety

A. I only C. I and II E. I, II and III

B. III only D. II and III

E

These are compressed tablets coated with substances that resist dissolution in

gastric fluid but integrate in the intestine.

I. Film-coated tablets

II. Sugar-coated tablets

III. Enteric-coated tablets

A. I only C. I and II E. I, II and III

B. III only D. II and III

B

This type of coating imparts the same general characteristics as sugar coating with

the added advantage of greatly reduced time period required for the coating operation.

I. Enteric coating

II. Single-layer coating

III. Film coating

A. I only C. I and II E. I, II and III

B. III only D. II and III

B

These tablets were originally used by physicians in the extemporaneous preparation

of parenteral solutions.

I. Chewable tablets

II. Dispensing tablets

III. Hypodermic tablets

A. I only C. I and II E. I, II and III

B. III only D. II and III

B

Enteric-coated tablets have the following characteristic/s:

I. Have delayed-release features

II. The containing system used should only be aqueous-based and not organic

solvent based to resist the breakdown in gastric fluids

III. Are intended to pass through the stomach intact to disintegrate and release their

drug-content for absorption along the intestines

A. I only C. I and III E. I, II and III

B. II & III D. III only

C

Example of materials used in enteric coating includes:

I. Shellac

II. Cellulose acetate phthalate

III. Polyvinyl acetate phthalate

A. I only C. II only E. I, II and III

B. I and II D. II and III

E

The following statement/s is/are true for compressed tablets:

I. These are tablets formed by compression and may contain other special coating

if desired.

II. Tablet diameters and shapes are determined by the die and punches used in the

compression of the tablet.

III. They are made from powdered, crystalline or granular materials, alone or in

combination with binders, disintegrants, controlled-release polymers, lubricants,

diluents and colorants.

A. I only C. II only E. I, II and III

B. I and II D. II and III

D

This is a method of preparing tablets in which the powder mixture is compacted in

large pieces and subsequently broken down or sized into granules.

A. Wet granulation

B. Dry granulation

B

For some granular chemicals like potassium chloride, this method of preparation is

of an advantage to use.

A. Wet granulation

B. Dry granulation

C. Direct compression

C

The problems most commonly encountered during direct compression include:

I. Capping

II. Splitting

III. Lamination

A. I only

B. II and III

C. I and III

D. III only

E. I, II and III

E

For chemicals which do not possess cohesive and free-following properties, the

following excipients could be used to impart necessary qualities for the production of

tablets b direct compression.

I. Spray-dried lactose

II. Magnesium stearate

III. Fume silicon dioxide

A. I only

B. I and II

C. II and III

D. II only

E. I, II and III

E

The following statement/s is/are true for wet granulation method:

I. Liquid binder is added to the powder mixture to facilitate the adhesion of the

powder particles

II. Over-wetting of the powder can result in granules that are too soft for proper

tableting and under-wetting can result in tablets that are too hard

III. Granules may be dried in thermostatically controlled ovens which constantly

record the time, temperature and humidity.

A. I only

B. I & II

C. I & III

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

C

Lubricants contribute to the preparation of compressed tablets by:

I. Improving the flow of granulation in the hopper to die cavity

II. Preventing the adhesion of the tablet formulation to the punches and dies during

compression

III. Reducing friction between the tablet and die wall during the tablet's ejection from

the tablet machine

A. I only B. I & II C. I & III

D. II & III E. I, II, III

E

A fluid-bed granulator performs which of the following steps?

I. Preblends the formulation powder, including active ingredients, fillers,

disintegrants, in a bed by fluidized air.

II. Granulates the mixture by spraying onto the fluidized powder bed, suitable liquid

binder, as an aqueous solution of acacia, hydroxypropyl cellulose or povidone

III. Drying the granulated product to the desired moisture content

A. I only

B. I & II

C. I & III

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

E

Dry granulation:

Used for tablet

I. Ingredients that is sensitive to moisture or unable to withstand elevated

temperature during drying

II. One of the constituents, either the active ingredient or the diluents, must

have cohesive properties

III. Includes more number of steps than wet granulation

A. I only

B. I & II

C. I & III

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

B

Aspirin, which is hydrolyzed on exposure to moisture, is prepared into tablet using

the dry granulation method. Other drugs which should be prepared using this process

include:

I. Ascorbic acid II. Methenamine III. Thiamine HCl

A. I only

B. I & II

C. I & III

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

C

This process is a form of pelletization, which refers to the formation of spherical

particles from wet granulations.

A. Spheronization

B. Slugging

C. Compaction

D. Precompression

E. Double

compression

A

This method consists of bringing together a highly dispersed liquid and a sufficient

volume of hot air to produce evaporation and drying of the liquid droplets.

A. Spray drying

B. Spray congealing

C. Spray chilling

D. Moist heating

E. Dry heating

A

Spray-dried powder particles possess the following characteristic/s:

I. They are homogenous, approximately spherical in shape and nearly uniform in

size.

II. Have low bulk density with rapid rate of solution

III. Preparation is less economical than other processes

A. I only B. III only C. I & IID. II & III E. I, II, III

C

This the only carbohydrate used in the preparation of compressed tablet which

possesses high heat stability.

A. lactose

B. mannitol

C. sucrose

D. starch

E. fructose

B

The following statement/s is/are true used in the preparation of sugar-free chewable

tablets?

I. Mannitol is used as the excipient in most chewable tablets.

II. These tablets are formulated to disintegrate smoothly in the mouth with or

without active chewing.

III. These tablets are particularly useful for children and adults who have difficulty

swallowing other solid dosage forms

A. I only

B. I & II

C. I & III

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

E

Which excipient/s is/are used in the preparation of sugar-free chewable tablets?

I. Lactose

II. Dextrose

III. Xylitol

A. I only

B. III only

C. I & II

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

C

Tablet coating has the following advantage/s:

I. Protect the medicinal agent destructive exposure to air and/or humidity

II. Mask the unpleasant taste of the drug

III. Provide special characteristics of drug release

A. I only

B. I & II

C. II & III

D. I & III

E. I, II, III

E

Film coated tablets possess the following characteristic/s:

I. Less resistant to destruction by abrasion than are sugar coated tablets

II. Coating may be colored to make tablets attractive and distinctive

III. Film-coating solutions may be non-aqueous or aqueous

A. I only

B. I & II

C. II only

D. II & III

E. III only

D

This substance provides water solubility or permeability to the film to ensure

penetration by body fluids and therapeutic availability of the drug.

A. alloying substance

B. Plasticizer

C. film former

D. surfactant

E. glossant

A

Problems encountered on the use of aqueous based film coating solution include:

I. Slow evaporation of the solvent-based solutions

II. Expensive as compared to volatile solvents

III. Increased likelihood of water interference with the tablet formulationA.I only

B. III only

C. I & III

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

D

AQUACOAT is a commercially available water-based colloidal coating dispersion

which contains 30% ethyl cellulose pseudolatex. Pseudolatex dispersion has:

I. A high solid content for greater coating activity

II. Low viscosity which allows less water to be used in the coating dispersion

III. Low viscosity which permits greater coat penetration into the crevices of

monogrammed or scored tablets

A.I only

B. III only

C. I & III

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

E

This is a problem often encountered in film coating process characterized by

roughness of the tablet surface due to failure of spray droplets to coalesce.

A. peeling

B. picking

C. orange-peel effect

D. mottling

E. bridging

C

This problem corresponds to the filling-in of the score line or indented logo on the

tablet by the film.

A. peeling

B. picking

C. orange-peel effect

D. mottling

E. bridging

E

This problem is characterized by the appearance of small amounts of film fragments

flaking from the tablet surface.

A. peeling

B. picking

C. orange-peel effect

D. mottling

E. bridging

B

The following statement/s is/are true for pills:

I. Are small, round, solid dosage form containing a medicinal agents and intended

to be administered orally

II. Have been replaced today by compressed tablets and capsules

III. Are placed in the mouth, where they dissolve slowly, liberating the active

ingredient

A. I only

B. III only

C. I & III

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

E

These are forms of oral medication which are discoid-shaped solids containing the

medicinal agent in a suitably flavored base.

I. Troches

II. Pastilles

III. Lozenges

A. I only

B. III only

C. I & III

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

E

The following drug is/are available in pellet forms:

I. Testosterone

II. Estradiol

III. Desoxycorticoster

one

A. I only

B. III only

C. I & III

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

E

This type of dosage form allows a reduction in dosing frequency to that presented

by a conventional dosage form.

A. Extended-release

B. Delayed-release

C. Repeat action

D. Modified-release

E. Targeted release

A

This type dosage form is designed to release the drug form at a time other than

promptly after administration.

A. Extended-release

B. Delayed-release

C. Repeat action

D. Modified-release

E. Targeted release

B

The following statement/s hold/s true for extended-release dosage forms:

I. There is reduction in drug blood level fluctuations.

II. There is frequency reduction in dosing

III. There is reduction in terms of adverse side effects.

A. I only

B. I & II

C. II only

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

E

In general, the drugs best suited for incorporation into an extended-release product

have the following characteristic/s:

I. Exhibit either very slow or very fast rates of absorption and excretion

II. Are uniformly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract

III. Used in the treatment of acute rather than chronic conditions

A. I only

B. I & II

C. II only

D. II & III

E. III only

C

This is process by which solids, liquids or even gases may be encapsulated into

miscroscopic size particles through the formation of thin coating of "wall" material

around the substance being encapsulated.

I. Microencapsulation

II. Microscoencapsulation

III. Micromeritics

A. I only

B. III only

C. I & II

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

A

The following statement/s is/are true when embedding drug in inert plastic matrix:

I. The drug is granulated with an inert plastic material such as polyethylene and the

granulation is compressed into tablets

II. The drug is rapidly released from the inert plastic matrix by diffusion.

III. The compression of the tablet creates the matrix or plastic form that retains its

shape during the leaching of the drug and through its passage through the

alimentary tract.

A. I only

B. I & II

C. II only

D. I & III

E. I, II, III

D

The effectiveness of the hydrophilic matrix systems is based on the successive

processes of:

I. Hydration of the cellulose polymer

II. Gel formation on the polymer's surface

III. Tablet erosion and subsequent and continuous release of the drug

A. I only

B. III only

C. I & III

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

E

Which of the following statement/s on drug release form the dosage form is correct:

I. The release of the drug in a drug-resin complex is dependent upon the pH of the

GIT only.

II. The release of the drug in a drug-resin complex is dependent upon the pH and

the electrolyte concentration in the GIT.

III. Release is less in the acidity of the stomach than in the less acidic environment

of the small intestines.

A. Only the first statement is true

B. Only the second statement is true

C. The first two statements are true

D. The last two statement are true

E. All the trueE

B

These tablets are prepared so that an initial dose of drug is released immediately

followed later by a second dose.

A. Extended-release

B. Delayed-release

C. Repeat action

D. Modified-release

E. Targeted release

E

The following statement/s is/are true for ophthalmic inserts:

I. Eliminates the problem of rapid loss of administered drug due to the blinking of

the eye and flushing of lacrimal fluids

II. The rate of drug diffusions is controlled by the polymer composition, membrane

thickness, and solubility of the drug.

III. Ocusert and lacrisert are example of ophthalmic inserts

A. I only

B. III only

C. I & II

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

E

These are solid dosage forms which are designed to be inserted under the skin by

special injectors or by surgical incision.

A. Implants

B. Cachets

C. Plasters

D. Pills

E. Troches

C

The following should be observed in the use of oral modified-release dosage forms:

I. These products should not be crushed or chewed.

II. Nonerodible plastic matrix shells and osmotic tablets remain intact throughout GI

transmit and empty shell or "ghost" from osmotic tablets may be seen in stool

III. Patients being fed by enteral nutrition through a nasogastric feeding tube should

not receive this type of drug.

A. I only

B. III only

C. I & II

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

C

The release of a drug from an oral dosage form may be intentionally delayed until it

reaches the intestines for several reasons. The purpose may be:

A. to protect the drug destroyed by gastric fluids

B. to reduce gastric distress caused by drugs particularly irritating to the stomach

C. to facilitate GI transit for drugs which are better absorbed from the intestines

D. A & B only

E. AOTA

E

It is the most common "wall" forming material used in microencapsulation.

A. lactose

B. gelatin

C. dextrose

D. sorbitol

E. starch

B

The following statement/s is/are true for ointments:I. These are semi-solid preparations intended for external application to the skin or

mucous membranes.

II. They may be medicated or nonmedicated

III. Nonmedicated ointments are used as protectants, emollients or lubricants.

A. I only

B. I & II

C. II & III

D. III only

E. I, II, III

E

The following statement/s is/are true for hydrocarbon bases:

I. Also termed as oleaginous bases

II. Have an emollient effect and are effective as occlusive dressing

III. Permit the incorporation of powdered substances with the use of a levigating

agent

A. I only

B. I & II

C. II & III

D. III only

E. I, II, III

E

Yellow ointment is an example of

A. Hydrocarbon base

B. Oleaginous base

C. Absorption base

D. Water-removable

base

E. A& B

E

The following ointment base/s is/are classified as hydrocarbon base/s:

I. Petrolatum

II. White ointment

III. Polyethylene Glycol Ointment

A.I only

B. I & II

C. I & III

D. III only

E. I, II, III

B

Petrolatum, USP is:

A. A purified mixture of semi-solid hydrocarbons from petroleum that has been

wholly or nearly decolorized

B. Also known as Yellow ointment

C. Is also known as white Vaseline

D. Water-soluble

E. Water-washable

B

Yellow ointment USP is:

I. Also called as "Simple Ointment"

II. Has Yellow wax and petrolatum as the main ingredients

III. Bleached and purified wax obtained from the honeycomb of the bee, Apis

mellifera

A. I only

B. I & II

C. I & III

D. III only

E. I, II, III

D

The following statement/s is/are true for absorption bases:

These bases permit the incorporation of aqueous solution resulting in the formation of

water-in-oil emulsions

These bases are not easily removed from the skin with water

These bases may be used as emollient although they do not provide the degree of

occlusions afforded by hydrocarbon bases.

A. I only

B. I & II

C. I & III

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

E

Hydrophilic petrolatum is:

A. Hydrocarbon base

B. Oleaginous base

C. Absorption base

D. Water-removable base

E. Water-soluble

C

Lanolin USP:

I. Is classified as hydrocarbon ointment base

II. Contains not more than 2% of water

III. Is a purified, wax-like substance that has been cleaned, deodorized and

decolorized

A. I only

B. I & II

C. I & III

D. III only

E. I, II, III

D

These are ointment bases which resemble creams in appearance.

A. Hydrocarbon base

B. Water-soluble base

C. Absorption base

D. Water-removable base

E. Oleaginous base

D

The following statement/s is/are true for Hydrophilic Ointment USP:

I. When preparing, stearyl alcohol and white petrolatum are melted together at 90

degrees

II. Stearyl alcohol and white petrolatum comprise the oleaginous phase of the

emulsion

III. Sodium lauryl sulfate acts as the emulsifying agent

A. I only

B. III only

C. I & II

D. II & III

E. I, II, III

D

These ointment bases are referred to as "greaseless" bases.

A. Hydrocarbon base

B. Water-soluble base

C. Absorption base

D. Water-removable base

E. Oleaginous base

B

Polyethylene glycol Ointment, NF is:

A. Hydrocarbon base

B. Water-soluble base

C. Absorption base

D. Water-removable base

E. Oleaginous base

B

The following statement/s is/are true for ointment base:

I. Water-soluble bases have the ability to absorb serous discharges

II. Hydrocarbon bases can remain on the skin for prolonged periods of time without

drying out

III. Water-removable bases can also be called as water-soluble bases.

A. I only

B. I & II

C. I & III

D. II only

E. I, II, III

B

The following statement/s is/are true for the preparation of ointment using the

incorporation method

I. By this method, the components are mixed until a uniform preparation is attained

II. This method does not involved the process of levigating

III. Mortar and pestle or spatula may be used to rub the ingredients together on an

ointment slab

A. I only

B. I & II

C. I & III

D. II only

E. I, II, III

C

The following statement/s is/are true about levigation:

I. Levigation allows both reduction of particle size and the dispersion of the

substance in the vehicle.

II. Glycerin is the levigating agent used for bases where water is the external phase

III. The amount of levigating agent used should be about equal in volume to the solid

maerial.

A. I only

B. I & II

C. I & III

D. II only

E. I, II, III

C

The following statement/s is/are true for the preparation of ointments by fusion:

I. All or some of the components of an ointment are combined by being melted

together and cooled with constant stirring until congealed.

II. Heat-labile substances are added last when the temperature of the mixture is low

enough.

III. Medicated ointments containing beeswax, paraffin, stearyl alcohol are prepared

using this method.

A. I only

B. I & II

C. I & III

D. II only

E. I, II, III

E

These are semi-solid preparation containing one or more medicinal agents

dissolved or dispersed in either an oil-in-water emulsions or in another type of water

washable base.

A. Creams

B. gel

C. paste

D. ointments

E. lotion

A

The following statement/s is/are true:

I. Vanishing creams are water-in-oil emulsions containing small amounts of water.

II. Creams find primary application in topical skin products and in products used rectally

and vaginally

III.Ointments are preferred more by patients due to ease of spreadability

A. I only

B. I & II

C. II only

D. I & III

E. I, II, III

C

These are semi-solid systems consisting of dispersion of small or large molecules in

an aqueous liquid vehicle rendered jelly-like through the addition of a gelling agent.

A. Creams

B. Gel

C. Gelatin

D. Ointments

E. Pastes

B

The following statement/s is/are true regarding gels:

I. Gels may thicken on standing, forming a thixotrope and must be shaken before

use.

II. Milk of magnesia is an example of a single-phase gel

III. Gels and jellies are two different termsA. I only

B. I & II

C. II only

D. I & III

E. I, II, III

A

he following statement/s is/are true for pastes:

I. They generally contain a smaller proportion of solid material than ointments.

II. They are less greasy and less stiffer than their counterpart ointments due to

reduced amount of based used.

III. They remain in place after application and are effectively employed to absorb

serous secretions.

A. I only

B. I&II

C. I&III

D. III only

E. I, II, III

D

Zinc oxide paste:

I. Can be applied to hairy parts of the body

II. Prepared by levigating and mixing 25% each of zinc oxide and starch with white

petrolatum

III. Also known as Lassar's Plain Zinc Paste

A. I only

B. III only

C. I&III

D. II&III

E. I, II

D

These are solid or semi-solid adhesive masses spread upon a backing material of

Paper, fabric, moleskin or plastic

A. Creams

B. Plasters

C. Paste

D. Ointments

E. Lotion

B

. How many % of glycerin is contained in a glycerogelatin preparation?

A. 15%

B. 35%

C. 40%

D. 5%

E. 10%

C

The following statement/s is/are true for glycerogelatins:

I. They are applied to the skin for long term residence

II. They are intended to be swallowed just like gelatin capsules

III. They are applied to the affected area with affine brush

A. I only

B. III only

C. I&III

D. II&III

E. I, II, III

C

Zinc Gelatin:

I. Jelly

II. Used to treat varicose ulcers

III. Glycerogelatin

A. I only

B. III only

C. I&III

D. II&III

E. I, II,

D

The following statement/s is/are true for topical agents:

I. Pastes offer even greater occlusion and more effective than ointment at

absorbing serous discharge

II. Ointment spread more easily than creams.

III. These agents also include ophthalmic solutions, suspensions, and inserts.

A. I only B. III only C. I&IIID. II&III E. I, II, III

C

The ointment base selected for an ophthalmic ointment must possess the following

characteristic/s:

I. Non-irritating to the eye

II. Permits the diffusion of the medicinal substance throughout the secretions

bathing the eye

III. Have a softening point close to the body temperature

A. I only

B. III only

C. I&III

D. II&III

E. I, II, III

E

The use of ophthalmic ointments and gels offers the following advantage/s:

Provides extended residence time on the surface of the eye

Blurring of vision can be encountered

Increase the bioavailability for absorption into ocular tissues

A. I only

B. III only

C. I&III

D. II&III

E. I, II, III

C

The factor/s which play/s a part in percutaneous absorption is/are:

I. Molecular weight

II. Partitioning coefficient

III. solubility

A.I only

B. II only

C. I&II

D. II&III

E. I, II, III

E

The following statement/s is/are true about percutaneous absorption:

I. The amount of drug percutaneously absorbed per unit of surface area per time

interval increase as the concentration of the drug substance in the transdermal

drug delivery system is increased.

II. The hydration of the skin hinders percutaneous absorption

III. The longer the period of time the medicated application is permitted to remain in

contact with the skin, the greater will be the total drug absorption.

A. I only

B. III only

C. I&III

D. II&III

E. I, II, III

C

The following statement/s is/are true about percutaneous absorption:

I. Drugs penetrate through the skin better in their unionized form.

II. Non-polar drugs tend to cross the cell barrier through the lipid-rich regions

(transcellular route) whereas the polar drugs favor transport between cells

(intracellular)

III. More drugs are absorbed when the drug substance is applied and concentrated

on a smaller surface area.

A. I only

B. III only

C. I&III

D. II&III

E. I, II, III

A

The selection of a permeation enhancer in developing a TDDS should be based on:

I. Efficacy in enhancing skin permeation

II. Biocompatibility with other components

III. Physicochemical compatibility with other components

A. I only

B. III only

C. I&III

D. II&III

E. I, II, III

E

The design objectives of TDDS include:I. To deliver the drug at an optimal rate of the skin for percutaneous absorption at

the therapeutic levels

II. To adhere well to the patient's skin and have a patch-size, appearance and site

placement that encourage patient acceptance

III. To occlude the skin to ensure the one-way flux of the drug into the stratum

corneum

A. I only

B. III only

C. I&III

D. II&III

E. I, II, III

E

Transdermal Drug Delivery System:

I. Avoids gastrointestinal drug absorption difficulties

II. Avoids the occurrence of contact dermatitis

III. Drug therapy cannot be terminated rapidly.

A. I only

B. III only

C. I&III

D. II&III

E. I, II, III

A

The following can be formulated as TDDS

I. Scopolamine

II. Nicotine

III. Clonidine

A. I only

B. III only

C. I&III

D. II&III

E. I, II, III

E

Which of the following statement should be considered in the use of TDDS?

I. Rotating locations within the recommended site should be avoided in the

application of replacement patches.

II. Wet or moist skin can hinder drug permeation beyond that which is intended

III. Use of skin lotions should be avoided at the application site because they affect

skin hydration and can also alter the partition coefficient between the drug in the

TDDS and the skin.

A. I only

B. III only

C. I&III

D. II&III

E. I, II, III

C

his layer functions to store and release the drug at the skin-site.

A. occlusive backing membrane

B. release-liner

C. matrix system

D. hydrophilic layer

E. Adhesive layer

C

TDDS offers the following advantage/s:

I. Avoid first-pass effect

II. Provide extended therapy with a single application

III. Non-invasive

A. I only

B. III only

C. I&III

D. II&III

E. I, II, III

E