APUSH Unit 5

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Transcendentalists

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26 Terms

1

Transcendentalists

A philosophical and literary movement in the 19th century that emphasized the inherent goodness of people and nature, advocating for individual intuition and the transcendence of the material world.

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2

Ralph Waldo Emerson

American essayist, lecturer, and poet, a key figure in the Transcendentalist movement, known for his essays such as "Self-Reliance" and "Nature."

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3

Henry David Thoreau

American essayist, poet, and philosopher, associated with Transcendentalism. Best known for his book "Walden," which reflects on simple living in natural surroundings.

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4

Antebellum

The period in the United States before the Civil War (pre-1861), marked by social, economic, and political developments.

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5

Shakers

A religious sect known for their communal living, celibacy, and ecstatic worship. They flourished in the 18th and 19th centuries.

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6

New Harmony

An experimental utopian community established by Robert Owen in Indiana in the early 19th century, aimed at social and economic equality.

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7

Oneida Community

A utopian community in New York known for its communal living, complex marriage practices, and the production of silverware.

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8

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement in the early 19th century that emphasized personal conversion, emotional religious experiences, and social reform.

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9

Brigham Young

A leader in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) who led the migration of Mormons to Utah and played a key role in the development of the American West.

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10

Mormons - Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

A religious movement founded by Joseph Smith, later led by Brigham Young, with distinctive beliefs and practices.

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11

Charles Finney

A prominent leader in the Second Great Awakening, known for his revivalist preaching and emphasis on individual conversion.

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12

American Temperance Society

An organization advocating for the reduction or elimination of alcohol consumption, particularly associated with the 19th-century temperance movement.

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13

Dorothea Dix

A reformer who advocated for the improvement of conditions for the mentally ill and the establishment of mental asylums in the 19th century.

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14

Asylum Movement

A social reform movement focused on improving the treatment of individuals with mental illness, leading to the establishment of mental asylums.

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15

Horace Mann

An education reformer who played a key role in the development of public education in the United States.

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16

McGuffey Reader

A series of widely used textbooks in the 19th century, authored by William Holmes McGuffey, promoting moral values and literacy.

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17

Cult of Domesticity

A prevailing social and cultural ideology in the 19th century that idealized women as homemakers and moral guardians.

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18

Seneca Falls Convention

A women's rights convention held in 1848, often considered the beginning of the women's suffrage movement.

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19

American Colonization Society

An organization advocating for the voluntary repatriation of free African Americans to Africa, reflecting early efforts at addressing slavery.

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20

William Lloyd Garrison - The Liberator

Abolitionist and publisher of the influential anti-slavery newspaper "The Liberator."

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21

Frederick Douglass

Former slave who became a prominent abolitionist, writer, and speaker.

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22

David Walker

African American abolitionist and author of the "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World," a radical anti-slavery pamphlet.

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23

Peculiar Institution

A euphemistic term referring to slavery in the Southern United States.

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24

Slave Codes

Laws in Southern states that regulated and restricted the lives of enslaved individuals.

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25

Planter Aristocracy

The wealthy, elite class of Southern plantation owners who held considerable political and economic power.

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26

Poor Whites "Hillbillies"

White individuals, often in the Southern Appalachian region, who were economically disadvantaged and lived in rural areas.

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