CHEM 107 C Week #4: Ions and Naming Compounds

Chemical Reaction

A reaction where electrons are gained, lost, or shared in order to obtain the octet or duet

ionic compound

Compound that:

- composed of a METAL (cation) and a NONMETAL (anion)

- has attractions called IONIC BOND between (+) and (-) ions

- HIGH MELTING/boiling points (strong attraction)

- hard CRYSTALLINE solid at room temp

- HIGH DENSITY

- conduct electricity-STRONG electrolytes when dissolved in water/melted

ionic bond

A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.

- electrostatic force = one of the strongest bonds in chemistry

molecular Compounds

Compound that:

- composed of 2 or more NONMETALS

- held together by COVALENT BOND

- LOW MELTING/boiling points

- are soft SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, OR GASES at room temperature

- LOW DENSITY

- low solubility in water, weak or nonelectrolytes

- POOR CONDUCTORS of electricity

covalent bond

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

Polyatomic ions

ions that are electrically charged molecules (a group of bonded atoms with an overall charge)

- those containing oxygen may also be called OXOANIONS

- charged compounds

3 oxygens

For "ate" ending - number of oxygen atoms on the "big 7"

4 oxygens

For "ate" ending - number of oxygen atoms on the "little 7"

zero

For the top line of the 7 for "ate" endings, think of oxygen as a _________. Count negatively to the left

"per-ate"

When added to the name of a polyatomic ion, it means to add one oxygen to the base "ate"

"-ite"

When added to the name of a polyatomic ion, it means to remove one oxygen from the base "ate"

"hypo-ite"

When added to the name of a polyatomic ion, it means to remove 2 oxygen from the base "ate"

"hydrogen" or "bi-"

When added to the name of a polyatomic ion, it means to add one hydrogen atom

- this also takes away one negative charge

ammonium

Name for this polyatomic ion:

NH₄+

hydronium

Name for this polyatomic ion:

H3O+

peroxide

Name for this polyatomic ion:

O2 2-charge

hydroxide

Name for this polyatomic ion:

OH-

cyanide

Name for this polyatomic ion:

CN-

thiocyanate

Name for this polyatomic ion:

SCN-

acetate

Name for this polyatomic ion:

C2H3O2 1-charge

oxalate

Name for this polyatomic ion:

C2O4 2-

permanganate

Name for this polyatomic ion:

MnO4 -1

chromate

Name for this polyatomic ion:

CrO4 charge -2

dichromate

Name for this polyatomic ion:

Cr2O7 charge -2

neutral

IONIC COMPOUNDS have a __________ overall charge

cation first, then anion

for ionic compounds formula, write the (cation/anion) first, then the (cation/anion)

True

true or false:

When the metal in an ionic compound is FIXED, DO NOT add the roman numeral to indicate charge when naming.

one

mono

two

di

three

tri

four

tetra

five

penta

six

hexa

seven

hepta

eight

octa

nine

nona

ten

deca

acids

substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water (H+)

bases

substances that when dissolved in water release hydroxide ions (OH-)

"hydro-ic acid"

when naming acids, this is added to anions ending in "ide"

"-ic acid"

when naming acids, this is added to anions ending in "ate"

"-ous acid"

when naming acids, this is added to anions ending in "-ite"