Week 5-7 Exam Prep

Stand 3 feet away from the wall, facing toward the wall, facing toward the wall. Perform push-ups with hands against the wall. Describe the movement occurring, contraction & muscles that are working

Elbow Flexion - eccentric - triceps & anconeus

Elbow Extension - concentric - triceps & anconeus

Grasp a locked doorknob and attempt to turn your forearm so that you palm is facing up (no movement occurs). Describe the type of movement, contraction, and muscles that are working.

Movement: supination

Contraction: pure isometric

Muscles: biceps brachii, supinator, brachioradialis

Imagine you are shaking hands with a skeleton. Turn your forearm inward and outward and analyze the relationship of the movement at the radius and ulna.

When the forearm is turning inward, this is called pronation. Pronation is when the radius crosses over the ulna.

When the forearm is turning outward, this is called supination. Supination is when the radius and ulna are parallel to each other

During concentric elbow flexion, what muscles are active

biceps brachii

brachialis

brachioradialis

pronator teres (assists)

During eccentric elbow extension, what muscles are active

biceps brachii

brachialis

brachioradialis

pronator teres (assists)

During concentric forearm supination, what muscles are active

supination

biceps brachii

brachioradialis (assists)

During eccentric forearm pronation, what muscles are active

supinator

biceps brachii

brachioradialis

During concentric elbow extension, what muscles are active

triceps

anconeus

During eccentric elbow flexion, what muscles are active

triceps

anconeus

During concentric forearm pronation, what muscles are active

pronator teres

pronator quadratus

brachioradialis

What are the major functions of the elbow complex

allows & stabilizes for hand placement

forearm rotation

Motions of the elbow (2)

flexion & extension

What bones articulate at the elbow joint

humerus articulates with the ulna and radius

What bones make up the radioulnar joint

radius & ulna

Movements of radioulnar joint

pronation & supination

Two elbow joints:

humerolunar

humeroradial

What does the coronoid fossa receive?

the coronoid process of ulna during elbow flexion

During extension, what happens at the olecranon fossa

it receives the olecranon process of the ulna

What are the epicondyles of the elbow

medial and lateral

___ joint is the articulation of the capitulum (humerus) and head of radius

humeroradial

___ joint is the articulation between the trochlea (humerus) and the trochlear notch and trochlear groove

humeroulnar

What joints are all enclosed in the elbow joint capsule

humeroradial

humeroulnar

superior radioulnar

Two ligaments of the humeroulnar and humeroradial joints

1. medial (ulna) collateral ligament

2. lateral (radial) collateral ligament

What does the medial collateral ligament do

primary elbow stabilizer

What does the lateral collateral ligament do

reinforce the humeral radial articulation, protects distraction of joint

What ligament closely binds the radial head to the ulna so they move together

annular ligament

What do the anterior and posterior radioulnar ligaments do

reinforce the inferior radioulnar joint anteriorly and posteriorly

What is the carrying angle?

the angle that allows objects to be carried away from body

The movement where the angle goes inward/forearm deviates toward midline is called

varus

The movement where the angle goes outward/forearm deviated away from midline

valgus

During elbow flexion, what does the ulna do

slide along the humeral trochlea until the coronoid process of the ulna reaches the coronoid fossa of the humerus

During elbow extension, what does the ulna do

slide in the opposite direction until the olecranon process of the ulna reaches the olecranon fossa of the humerus

When the elbow is (flexed/extended) there is no contact between the distal humerus and the radial head at the humeroradial joint

extended

What is the position when the radius and ulna are parallel to each other

supinated

During ____, the radius corsses over the ulna

pronation

What is considered to be the strongest supinator

biceps brachii

What muscles simultaneously flexes elbow and supinates forearm

biceps brachii

What class lever is the biceps brachii

third class lever

What muscle is active in elbow flexion with or without resistance

brachialis

Workhorse of elbow flexion

brachialis

What class lever is the brachioradialis

second class lever

- more POWER than range

What muscle acts as both an assistor & pronator/supinator

brachioradialis

What muscles assists with shoulder extension and adduction

triceps

Aconeus is often the _____ to intitate the motion and active throughout the range

first extensor

Prime mover but not strongest for supination

supinator

Why does the supinator function best and independently when the elbow is fully extended

the bicep is not active so the supinator SHINES

What is an example of a supinator force couple

biceps and supinator

What are the main pronator muscles

pronator quadratus and pronator teres

What are the two forces on a joint

compression and distraction force

What angle do you measure for force

the angle between the muscle insertion & bone

If the angle is less than 90 degrees is there more or less compression

MORE COMPRESSION = has a compression force

If the angle is greater than 90 degrees is there more or less compression

LESS COMPRESSION = has a distraction force

Example of when the angle is greater

when the elbow is flexed

Movement(s) that Anterior Deltoid does

flexion

abduction

horizontal adduction

internal rotation

Movement(s) that Middle Deltoid does

abduction

Movement(s) that Pectoralis Major (clavicular) does

flexion

adduction

horizontal adduction

internal rotationn

Movement(s) that Pectoralis Major (sternal) does

extension

adduction

horizontal adduction

internal rotation

Movement(s) that Coracobrachialis does

flexion

adduction

Movement(s) that Latissisimus Dorsi does

extension & (past anatomical position)

adduction

internal rotation

Movement(s) that Teres Major does

extension (& past anatomical position)

adduction

internal rotation

Movement(s) that Supraspinatus does

abduction

Movement(s) that Infraspinatus does

external rotation

horizontal abduction

Movement(s) that Teres Minor does

external rotation

horizontal abduction

Movement(s) that Subscapularis does

internal rotation

In shoulder flexion, what is the scapula doing

upward rotation & abduction

In shoulder extension, what is the scapula doing

downward rotation & adduction

elevation & scapular tilt (only occur past anatomical)

In shoulder abduction, what is the scapula doing

upward rotation

In shoulder adduction, what is the scapula doing

downward rotation

In shoulder external rotation, what is the scapula doing

adduction

In shoulder internal rotation, what is the scapula doing

abduction

In shoulder horizontal adduction, what is the scapula doing

abduction

In shoulder horizontal abduction, what is the scapula doing

adduction

What lever class are the deltoids

third class lever

What are the main movements of the anterior deltoids

flexion

abduction

horizontal adduction

internal rotation

What are the main movements of the middle deltoid

abduction

What are the main movements of the posterior deltoid

extension

abduction *

horizontal abduction

external rotation

Deltoids act as a ____ force system during abduction

concurrent

What are the prime movements of the latissimus dorsi

extension

adduction

internal rotation

depression of scap

What are the prime movements of the teres major

extension

adduction

internal rotation

How many origins are within the pectoralis major

2

1. sternal origin

2. clavicular origin

What are the prime movements of the pectoralis major

flexion (clavicular)

extension (sternal)

adduction

internal rotation

horizontal adduction

Pectoralis Major actas as a ____ force system during abduction

concurrent

What is the major function of the coracobrachialis

stabilize shoulder when carrying a heavy load (pulls humerus into glenoid fossa)

What are the prime movements for the coracobrachialis

shoulder flexion

adduction

Biceps act as the primary muscle for

elbow flexion

When elbow is flexed, the biceps will have active insufficiency at the shoulder because ...

crosses 2 joints (GH, elbow)

Triceps act as the primary muscle for

elbow extension

Triceps assist with ___ and ___ of humerus

extension & adduction

Muscles of the Rotator Cuff (SITS)

supraspinatus

infraspintaus

teres minor

subscapularis

Muscle movement goes from ____ to ____

insertion to origin

Supraspinatus acts as with deltoid as prime mover for ...

abduction

How does the supraspinatus help the humerus

stbailizes the sholder when carrying heavy loads due to horizontal orientation - pulls head of humerus towards glenoid fossa

Infraspinatus & Teres Minor have a more lateral insertion that helps with what movement

external rotation

Infraspinatus and Teres Minor are prime movers what movements

horizontal abduction & external rotation

What do the infraspinatus & teres minor do to give the "sliding" motion

depress head of the humerus during shoulder flexion & abduction

Infraspinatus & Teres Minor act as what type of force system

linear force system

Subscapularis is a prime mover for what movement

internal rotation

When does the subscapularis depress head of humerus

during abduction and flexion

Combination of S.I.T.S musclular forces results in ____ and ____ of the humeral head

compression & depression

Supraspinatus acts a good ____ of humerus

compressor