Chapter 15 Biology (copy)

Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to:

surviving in the environment they inhabited

Darwin began to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after:

observations of many species and their geographical locations

In the 1800s, Lyell emphasized that:

Past geological events must be explained in terms of processes observable today

Which scientist attempted to explain how rock layers form and change over time?

Hutton

When a farmer breeds only the best livestock, the process involved is:

artificial selection

What describes an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in its environment?

fitness

What did Darwin learn from reading the work of Hutton and Lyell?

the Earth is very old

What is a major concept included in Lamarck’s theory of evolution

body structure can change according to the actions of the organism

In an experiment, suppose the wings of a fruit flu were clipped short for 50 generations. The fifty-first generation is born with normal wing length. this observation would tend to disprove the idea that evolution is based on:

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

The economist Malthus suggested what?

the majority of species’ offspring die

Darwin eventually published his ideas in a work titled

On the Origin of Species

When Darwin returned from the Beagle he:

wrote about his ideas, but waited many years to publish anything

Darwin was prompted to publish his theory by:

an essay by Wallace on evolution

Darwin’s observations that finches of different species on the Galapagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches

descended from a common ancestor

Which of the following is not a form of adaptation?

Acquired characteristics

According to Darwin’s theory, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for the environment. Their survival is due to:

possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness

When lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin’s concept

According to Darwin, individuals that tend to survive are those that have:

variations best suited to the environment

Darwin’s theory explains

why species become extinct, why variation exists, and why organisms are all related

Darwin’s theory of evolution suggests that:

species change over time

One strong piece of evidence supporting descent from common ancestors can be at the similarities of cells in the developmental stages. This would most directly be seen by studying:

same kind of embryos

Which concepts are included with the modern theory of evolution?

natural selection, competition among members of a population

Darwin viewed the fossil record as:

a detailed record of evolution

Darwin’s concept of evolution was influenced by:

his trip aboard the Beagle, his collection of organisms, the work of Charles Lyell

Competition between individuals of a species occurs primarily because of:

limited resources

All organisms have been found to use ATP as the main source of cellular energy. This discovery would be considered what type of evidence?

molecular biology

Who stated that organisms strive for perfection?

Lamarck

In humans, the pelvis and femur are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur are considered:

vestigial structures

Competition among organisms of same species will be _____ intense than between two different species

more

Parents often say that they need another pair of eyes in the back of their heads. Another pair of hands would come in handy in many situations as well. According to sound evolutionary reasoning, what is the most likely explanation for why humans do not have these traits?

These variations have probably never appeared in a healthy human. Tetra pods share a four-limbed, two-eyed, body plan; natural selection can only edit existing variations