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What Are Transition Metals?
Transition metal characteristics of elements Ti-Cu arise from an incomplete d sub-level in atoms or ions.
Key Properties of Transition Metals
-Complex formation
-Formation of coloured ions
-Variable oxidation state
-Catalytic activity.
What elements found in the d-block but do not meet the definition of a transition element
-Scandium only forms Sc3+ ions with an electron configuration of [Ar], meaning an empty d sub-shell.
-Zinc only forms Zn2+ ions with an electron configuration of [Ar]3d10, meaning a full d sub-shell.
Explain the electronic configuration of chromium and copper
-Chromium has the configuration [Ar]3d54s1 rather than [Ar]3d44s2 because a half-filled d sub-shell (d5) provides greater stability.
-Similarly, copper has the configuration [Ar]3d104s1 rather than [Ar]3d94s2 because a full d sub-shell (d10) provides greater stability.
What is a ligand?
A ligand is a molecule or ion that forms a co-ordinate bond with a transition metal by donating a pair of electrons.
What is a complex
A complex is a central metal atom or ion surrounded by ligands.
Co-ordination number
Co-ordination number is number of co-ordinate bonds to the central metal atom or ion.
