Module 1 Netacad

Small Home Networks

Connect a few computers to each other and to the internet.

Small Office and Home Office Networks

allows computers in a home office or a remote office to connect to a corporate network, or access centralized, shared resources.

Medium to Large Networks

such as those used by corporations and schools, can have many locations with hundreds or thousands of interconnected hosts.

World Wide Networks

network of networks that connects hundreds of millions of computers world-wide.

Binary Digits (Bits)

The smallest unit of data in a computer, represented as 0 or 1, stored and transmitted as two possible discrete states (e.g., On/Off, high/low voltage).

Byte

A group of 8 bits, used to represent characters or other data.

ASCII Code

A common binary code where each character (e.g., letters, numbers, symbols) is represented by an 8-bit sequence (e.g., A = 01000001, 9 = 00111001).

Data Translation

• Input devices convert human interaction into binary for the CPU.

• Output devices translate binary back into human-recognizable forms.

Electrical signals

Transmission is achieved by representing data as electrical pulses on copper wire.

Optical signals

Transmission is achieved by converting the electrical signals into light pulses.

Wireless signals

Transmission is achieved by using infrared, microwave, or radio waves through the air.

inferred data

When using your credit card to make purchases at several places, the credit card company can use this information to learn about your location and your preferences.

Throughput

The actual rate of data transfer over a network, influenced by factors like data volume, type, latency, and the slowest link in the path. It often differs from the theoretical maximum capacity and reflects real-world performance, which can be tested online.

Bits per second

Capacity of medium to carry data.

bits per second

Latency encountered during data transmissions.

internet

A network of networks

actuator

device is able to create physical movement

media

wires and cables used in a wired network

RFID tags

connected device is placed on objects to track and monitor them.