Reversible Cell Injury III

Secondary amyloidosis

Amyloidosis that is caused by complication of underlying disease

chronic inflammation

example of secondary amyloidosis

deep brown, yellow

In detection of amyloid grossly, Lugol’s iodine stains amyloid ______ while normal tissue is color _____

H&E, homogenous pink, smudgy extracellular material

In using light microscopy as amyloid detection, what stain should we use? and what is it gonna look like?

Polarizing microscopy

What type of microscopy is used to detect amyloid that uses Congo Red stained section and results in green birefringence?

fine non-branching fibrils about 7.5-10nm in diameter

In electron microscopy, you’ll see _____ in amyloid positive tissue sample.

Beta-pleated sheet structure of fibrils

X-ray diffraction

bladder amyloidosis in congo red staining

what this?

Nasal amyloid display in apple green birefringence in polarized light

what this?

fibrinoid degeneration/fibrinous degeneration/fibrinoid necrosis

Cellular accumulation characterized as poorly defined, deeply acidophilic, homogenous refractile deposits

connective tissue, blood vessel walls

fibrinoid degeneration occurs in

fibrin

some fibrinoid degeneration staining reactions resembles

1. phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin (PTAH)

2. Masson’s trichome

3. Martius Scarlet Blue

spacial stains of fibrinoid degeneration

glycogen degeneration

Cellular accumulation characterized as excessive accumulation of glycogen in cells following defective carbohydrate metabolism

parenchymal cells, liver cells

Glycogen degeneration if seen in _______ particularly in ____

• atrophy from malnutrition

• vacuolar degeneration

associated changes with glycogen degeneration

PAS on frozen section

special stains of glycogen degeneration

mucopolysaccharidosis

Cellular accumulation of mucopolysaccharide , also known as lysosomal storage disease

lysosomal enzyme system that breaks glycosaminoglycans 

Basic defect of mucopolysaccharidosis is the absence or loss of critical _________ usually from genetic disorders

• myxoid degeneration

• myxomatous degeneration

• mucoid or mucinous degeneration

Old terms of Mucopolysaccharidosis

Toluidine blue in resin section

Stain of mucopolysaccharidosis

• endogenous

• exogenous

What are the pigment sources of pathological pigmentation?

• hemoglobin derivatives (hemosiderin, bilirubin)

• melanin

• lipofuscins

under endogenous pigment source

• pneumoconiosis

• anthracosis

under exogenous pathological pigment source

okie dokie yo

study this diagram pleae

hemosiderin

Local deposits on tissues denote local breakdown of red blood cells

hemorrhages and tissue trauma

sample of hemosiderin

ferritin

storage form of iron that is usually seen in sections of spleen and in bone marrow

Perls’ prussian blue test

detections of hemosiderin

ferrocyanide

In Perls’ Prussian Blue Test, ferritin reacts with _____ in the stain to form insoluble Prussian blue dye in situ