Freshman Biology Unit 1: Cells

Nucleus

Contains genetic information and directs all cell activities.

Mitochondria

Storing and creating all energy from food using cellular respiration.

Ribosome

Makes protein by reading genetic information

Chloroplast

Converts energy from the sun with carbon dioxide and water into glucose using photosynthesis.

rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

The transportation system of the cells transports proteins. Contains ribosome

Golgi

Packages things up during the cell and sorts proteins and other cellular substances.

Vacuole

Storage facility, store water

Cell Membrane

Provide a protective barrier for the cell, and regulates what enters and exits the cell

Lysosome

Recycling and waste disposal system, breaking down proteins and molecules.

Active transport

The process of moving substances across a cell membrane against their from a low-concentration area to a high-concentration area.

Passive Transport

Natural movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. 

Osmosis

The movement of water across a cell's membrane

Diffusion

Natural movement of molecules from an area where they are crowded together (high concentration) to an area where they are more spread out (low concentration)

Facilitated Diffusion

A type of passive transport that helps molecules cross the cell membrane

Isotonic 

Water and substances diffuse into and out of the cell at the same rate.

*if there are 11 cells on the outside and inside they are = making it isotonic.

Hypotonic

Solute concentration is higher (more water inside), and water diffuses into the cell, making the cell swell.

*more in the picture

Hypertonic

Solute concentration is higher outside the cell less water inside

less inside picture

Which solution is this?

Hypotonic

what solution is this

hypertonic

Which solution is this

Isotonic

Where does photosynthesis occur?

where chlorphyll (a pigment) absorbs light energy

Cellular respiration

Once food (glucose) is created it needs to break it down to release energy

Aerobic

type of respiration with oxygen

Anaerobic 

type of respiration without oxygen

ATP (energy)

A cell uses the energy from ATP to do all of its work, such as moving, growing, and building important molecules. (like a battery)

Prokaryote

no nucleus

Eukaryotic 

has a membrane bound nucleus.

What is the largest cell in the human body?

The egg cell

Name an organelle that is not found in an animal cell

Chloroplast

Name an organelle that is not found in a plant cell and contains digestive enzymes for breaking down material in the cell

Lysosomes

What organelle in plants has a pigment in it that gives plants their green color

Chloroplast

What type of cell respiration will result in 36 ATP (energy molecules)?

Aerobic

What is the movement of oxygen from a greater concentration in the alveoli to a less concentration in the capillaries

Diffusion

When using scanning power which adjustment knob should you use first

Coarse adjustment knob

What is interesting when comparing the reaction for photosynthesis and cell respiration

The switch up (opposite)

What is the movement of H20 across the membrane of a cell called

Osmosis

What type of solution are you creating when you overwater plants

hypotonic

What happens if you put a freshwater plant in saltwater

it will shrink