Unit 5 Psychology Quiz Study Guide

Lessons 2 and 3

Anxiety disorders are characterized by…

Excessive anxiety in the absence of true danger.

* People who experience anxiety disorders feel anxious, tense, and worried about the future.


* By continually arousing the autonomic nervous system, chronic anxiety also causes bodily symptoms such as sweating, dry mouth, rapid pulse, shallow breathing, and increased muscular tension

Specific Phobia

Fear of a specific object or situation that is out of proportion with an actual threat

S**pecific phobia affects…**

Affects about 1 in 8 people; involves particular objects and situations

Example of **specific phobia**

You are so afraid of snakes that if you see even a picture of a snake your heart begins to pound and you feel the need to run away.

Social anxiety disorder is…

Fear of being negatively evaluated by others in a social setting or performance situation.

Symptoms of **social anxiety disorder**

Fear of being negatively evaluated by others

Social Anxiety disorder affects…

about 1 in 14 people

Example of Social Anxiety disorder

You worry intensely that you will say or do the wrong thing around other people and they will think badly of you, So you prefer to be by yourself and avoid being around lots of people.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder is…

Nearly constant anxiety not associated with a specific thing

Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

* A diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event
* Constantly anxious and worry incessantly about even minor matters

Example of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

You feel very worried and have been for months, but you can’t figure out why. It seems as though you are anxious about everything

Panic disorder are..

An anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks or terror.

Symptoms of panic disorders

An anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror, Racing heartbeat, chest pains, and difficulty breathing

Example of Panic disorder

You have had several panic attacks and worry you will have another one. This worry brings on more panic attacks, where you feel extreme fear and your heart pounds in your chest.

Agoraphobia is…

Fear if being in a situation from which one cannot escape

Symptoms of Agoraphobia

* An anxiety disorder marked by fear of being in situations from which escape may be difficult or impossible
* People who experience agoraphobia avoid going into open spaces or to places that might have crowds

Example of Agoraphobia

You work for a company located in a skyscraper, but you are so terrified of not being able to get out of the building that you have panic attacks at work.

Obsessions are…

Recurrent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts urge, or mental images. They often include intense worry and fears of contamination, accidents, or of one’s own aggression.

Compulsions are…

Particular acts that the person feels driven to perform over and over again. The most common compulsive behaviors are cleaning, checking, and counting.

OCD is characterized by…

Frequent intrusive thoughts that create anxiety and compulsive actions that temporarily reduce anxiety.

OCD begins at what stage, percentage worldwide and most likely in which gender?

Affects 1-2 percent of the population, and is more common in women than in men begins in early adulthood

**Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is…**

A mental disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma.

Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder

* *Trauma and stressor-related disorders*
* *Adjustment disorder*


* People have difficulty adjusting to stressors. 

PTSD affects…

* Around 7 percent of the population will experience PTSD at some point, and women are more likely to develop the disorder.

The 2 major types of depressive disorders are…

Major Depressive disorder and Persistent Depressive Disorder

**Major depressive disorder**

Mood disorder, characterized by extremely depressed moods or a loss of interest in normally pleasurable activities that persists for two weeks or more.

**Major depressive disorder affects…**

7-8 percent of Americans in any given year, and approximately 16 percent of Americans will experience major depression at some point in their lives

**Persistent depressive disorder**

Mood disorder, characterized by a mildly to moderately depressed mood, that persists for at least two years

**Persistent depressive disorder affects…**

2-3 percent of the population

Biological factors in depressive disorders

* Biophysical factors play a role in the etiology of depression.


* Studies of twins, of families, and of adoptive children support the notion that depression as a genetic compete
* Studies of brain function have suggested that certain neural structures may be involved in mood disorders

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Psychological factors in depressive disorders

* Aaron beck has hypothesized that a psychological factor associated with depression is how people think of themselves
* From Beck's perspective, people are likely to develop depression blame misfortunes on personal defects and see positive occurrences as the result of luck
* A second cognitive theory of depression is based on learned helplessness


* People come to see themselves as unable to have any effects on events in their lives

What did Aaron Beck create

Cognitive Triad

Cognitive Triad is…

Social factors in depressive Disorders:

* Across multiple countries and contexts, twice as many women as men as diagnosed with depression 


* One theory is that women respond to stressful events by internalizing their feelings, which leads to depression and anxiety, whereas men externalize their feelings with alcohol, drugs, and violence,(Holden, 2005)

Bipolar 1 disorder is…

A mood disorder is characterized by extremely elevated moods during manic episodes

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**Bipolar 2 disorder…**

Mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of extremely depressed and mildly elevated moods

Development of bipolar disorders

* Bipolar disorder are much less common that depression 
* Bipolar disorders are equally prevalent in women and men 
* Bipolar disorder emerge most commonly during late adolescence or early adulthood
* There is a very strong genetic component to bipolar disorder


* Genetic research also suggests, however, that the hereditary nature of the bipolar disorder is complex and not linked to only one gene.

Bipolar disorder affects…

Around 3-4 percent of the population will experience a bipolar disorder in their lifetime