Technological Innovations and Global Trade (1450-1750)

Flashcards covering key terms related to technological innovations and their impact on exploration and trade from 1450 to 1750.

Magnetic Compass

A magnetic device used for navigation that shows the direction of magnetic north, aiding sailors in determining their course.

Astrolabe

An instrument used to determine the latitude of a ship by measuring the angle of the stars above the horizon.

Caravel

A small, three-masted sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the 15th century, important for its enhanced capability to handle storms.

Cartography

The art and science of map-making, which improved navigation by providing accurate and detailed maps.

Demographic Pressures

Population increases that caused many Europeans to seek new opportunities through exploration and trade.

Transoceanic Travel

Travel across the oceans, particularly by European explorers seeking new trade routes and territories.

Navigational Techniques

Methods and technologies used to determine a ship's position and direction at sea.

Lateen Sail

A triangular sail that allowed ships to maneuver better and travel in multiple directions, revolutionizing maritime navigation.

Carrack

A large sailing ship used primarily for trade during the late 14th to 17th centuries, notable for its square sails.

Fluyt

A Dutch-built ship used in the 16th to 17th centuries for trade, characterized by a sleek design and efficient loading capabilities.

Omani-European Rivalry

The competition between European traders and Middle Eastern traders based in Omani kingdoms during the 16th century.

Primogeniture Laws

Laws that dictate that the eldest son inherits the entire estate, affecting land ownership and prompting younger sons to explore new opportunities.

Islamic and Asian Technology

Technological advancements developed in Islamic and Asian cultures that were adopted by Western Europeans, enhancing navigation and maritime prowess.

Prince Henry the Navigator

A Portuguese royal who significantly advanced maritime exploration during the Age of Discovery by sponsoring expeditions along the African coast.

Gunpowder

An explosive substance invented in China, which aided European conquests and was later utilized by pirates.

Global Trade

The exchange of goods and services across international borders, which rapidly expanded due to improved navigation and maritime technology.