CLAT Post January 2025 Edition Review

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the January 2025 edition of CLAT POST, focusing on polity, governance, economy, international affairs, and science.

Minimum Support Price (MSP)

The guaranteed price set by the government to protect farmers from price fluctuations and ensure they receive a minimum income for their produce.

Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP)

An advisory body under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare that recommends MSPs for $23$ commodities based on factors like production costs and market trends.

A2 Cost

An MSP calculation metric that encompasses all paid-out expenses directly incurred by farmers, including seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and hired labor.

C2 Cost

A comprehensive production cost measure comprising A2+FL cost plus rentals for owned land and interest on fixed capital assets.

National Commission on Farmers (Swaminathan Commission)

A commission chaired by Prof. M.S. Swaminathan that recommended setting MSP at least $50\%$ higher than the weighted average cost of production ($C2$ costs).

Shanta Kumar Committee

A $2015$ committee that observed only $6\%$ of farmers benefit from MSP and recommended better price support for pulses and oilseeds.

Lothal

A site of the ancient Harappan civilization housing the world's oldest known man-made dockyard, dating back to around $2300\,BCE$.

Logistics Performance Index (LPI) 2023

A World Bank report where India achieved the $22nd$ position globally in the "International Shipments" category.

National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC)

A project planned at Lothal to be one of the world's largest maritime complexes, featuring $14$ thematic galleries and a lighthouse museum.

LEADS (Logistics Ease Across Different States) Report

A comprehensive assessment of the logistics performance of Indian states and UTs based on pillars like infrastructure, services, and operating environment.

PM-devINE Scheme

A government initiative aimed at addressing critical development gaps in the North Eastern Region (NER).

Ashta Lakshmi

The Prime Minister's vision for the North Eastern Region (NER) focused on regional development, peace, and economic integration.

Justice V. Ramasubramanian

The retired Supreme Court judge appointed as the $9th$ Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC).

Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA), 1993

The statutory framework under which the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India was established on October 12, 1993.

Ken-Betwa River Link Project (KBLP)

The first flagship initiative under the National Perspective Plan for interlinking rivers, envisioning water transfer from the Ken River to the Betwa River.

Article 324

The constitutional provision under which the Election Commission of India (ECI) was established on January 25, 1950.

Birsa Munda

A revered tribal leader known as 'Dharti Aba' (Father of the Earth) whose $150th$ birth anniversary was commemorated by the Panchayat Se Parliament 2.0 program.

Generalia specialibus non-derogant

The legal principle meaning 'special laws override general laws,' cited by the Karnataka High Court in directing the update of birth certificates for transgender individuals.

Methyl isocyanate (MIC)

The toxic gas involved in the world's worst industrial disaster, the $1984$ Bhopal Gas Tragedy.

Arunachal Pradesh Freedom of Religion Act, 1978

A law that prohibits forceful religious conversion through inducement or fraud and protects indigenous faiths like Donyi Polo and Vaishnavism.

Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946

The legislation defining the powers, privileges, and liabilities of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).

General Consent

An arrangement allowing the CBI to investigate cases in a state without requiring specific approval for each individual investigation.

No-Detention Policy

A policy under Section 16 of the RTE Act 2009 prohibiting student detention until the completion of elementary education (Class 8), which the Centre recently opted to allow states to scrap.

Shahi Snan

The 'Royal Bath' or holy dip ritual performed by the $13$ recognized akharas during the Maha Kumbh festival.

Prabowo Subianto

The President of Indonesia who served as the chief guest for India's $76th$ Republic Day celebrations in 2025.

GST Council

A constitutional body established under Article 279A, chaired by the Union Finance Minister, tasked with making recommendations on taxes, rates, and exemptions.

B-READY (Business Ready) Index

The World Bank’s flagship report replacing the Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) rankings, benchmarking the global investment climate.

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)

An independent international institute headquartered in Sweden that researches conflicts, armaments, and disarmament.

SpaDeX

ISRO's Space Docking Experiment conducted in January 2025, which demonstrated the docking of two satellites in orbit.

Aneel Fuel

Advanced Nuclear Energy for Enriched Life fuel, a thorium-based solution developed through a partnership between NTPC Limited and CCTE.

Parker Solar Probe

The NASA spacecraft that made the closest-ever approach to the Sun's surface, reaching within $3.8\,million\,miles$ on December 24, 2024.

Aditya-L1

India's first dedicated space mission to study the Sun, positioned at the Lagrange Point 1 (L1) to observe the photosphere and corona.

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)

A respiratory virus first identified in $2001$ that can cause severe conditions like pneumonia and bronchitis, particularly in infants and the elderly.

Glasnost and Perestroika

Mikhail Gorbachev’s respective policies of 'openness' and 'restructuring' that aimed to reform the USSR but ultimately accelerated its disintegration.