HSC 214: taste and smell, eye, ear

glossopharyngeal nerve

cranial nerve arising from the medulla oblongata translating the special sense of taste, posterior third of tongue

facial nerve

cranial nerve arising from the medulla oblongata translating the special sense of taste and motor innervation to the face, anterior two thirds of tongue

vagus nerve

cranial nerve arising from the medulla oblongata translating the special sense of taste and motor innervation to the parotid gland, to the epiglottis

olfactory nerve

cranial nerve arising from the olfactory bulb translating the special sense of smell, nasal cavity

olfactory bulb

enlarged bundle of nervous tissue sitting in the cribriform plate

olfactory tract

bundles of axons from the olfactory bulb to the temporal lobe

tongue

muscular projection anchored to the floor of the mouth

vallate (circumvallate) papilla

enlarged v shaped bumps on posterior surface of tongue

medulla oblongata

round most inferior portion of the brainstem located between the pons and spinal cord

thalamus

in diencephalon region of the brain, separated by the third ventricle

parietal lobe

lateral surfaces of cerebral hemispheres tat articulate with the parietal bones

olfactory foramina

microscopic spaces in the cribriform plate

temporal lobe

lateral and inferior surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres that articulate with temporal bone

optic nerve (CNII)

cranial nerve from the optic chiasm

optic chiasm

expanded area between optic nerve and tracts that covers the sells turcica

optic tract

bundle of axons extending from the optic chasm to the occipital lobe, sensory impulses are interpreted

occipital lobe

posterior and inferior surface of the cerebral hemisphere that articulate with the occipital bone

superior rectus

thin muscle attaching to the midline superior surface of the eyeball

inferior rectus

thin muscle attaching to the midline inferior surface of the eyeball

medial rectus

thin muscle attaching to the medial surface of eyeball

lateral rectus

thin muscle attaching to the lateral surface of the eyeball

superior oblique

thin muscle attaching to the medial, superior surface of the eyeball

inferior oblique

thin muscle attaching to the lateral inferior surface of the eyeball

eyelids

palpebral conjunctiva

thin membrane coating the inside of the eyelid

ocular (bulbar) conjunctiva

thin membrane covering the sclera

medial canthus

medial point (closest to the nose) where eyelids meet

lateral canthus

lateral point where eyelids meet

lacrimal gland

almond shaped gland in the superolateral orbit

lacrimal gland ducts

ducts connecting the gland to the surface of the eye

lacrimal punctum

two small holes in the medial canthus

superior lacrimal canaliculus

thin superior duct draining the lacrimal punctum to the nasolacrimal duct

inferior lacrimal canaliculus

thin inferior duct draining the lacrimal punctum to the nasolacrimal duct

nasolacrimal duct

duct in medial nose where the canaliculus drain (F)

sclera

white fibrous outermost layer

choroid

middle vascular layer, contains blood supply to eye

retina

brown neural innermost layer, contains rods and cones

cornea

clear dome shaped covering of the eye, protects iris and pupil

anterior cavity

space between the cornea and lens, decided into two chambers

aqueous humor

fluid secreted by the posterior chamber that fills the anterior cavity

anterior chamber of the anterior cavity

the space between the cornea and iris (2)

posterior chamber of anterior cavity

the space bw the iris and lens (4)

iris

ring of usually colored tissue behind the cornea

pupil

space in the center of iris, where light enters

lens

transparent biconvex elastic disc separating the anterior and posterior cavities

ciliary body

composed of the ciliary process and ciliary muscle which control the shape of the lens

suspensory ligament

clear elastic ligaments suspending the lens from the ciliary body

posterior cavity, eye

space posterior to the lens

vitreous humor

clear gelatinous substance filling the posterior cavity

optic disc

area on retina where the optic nerve enters

fovea

region on retina where the cones (color receptors) are concentrated

auricle (pinna)

c-shaped elastic cartilage covered in the skin

external acoustic meatus

canal leading inward from the auricle to middle ear

tympanic membrane

thin oval membrane separating the auditory canal from the middle ear, eardrum

tympanic cavity (antrum)

air filled chamber between external and inner ear

auditory (Eustachian) tube

passageway of the middle ear to the nasopharynx

tensor tympani muscle

muscle along the eustachian tube attaching to malleus

auditory ossicles

three bones of the ear

malleus

mallet shaped bone

incus

anvil shaped bone between the malleus and stapes

stapes

stirrup shaped bone articulating with the oval window

oval window

oval shaped membrane and opening into the inner ear at the base of stapes

round window

round shaped membrane and opening into the inner ear on the cochlea

stapedius muscle

smallest mice of the body attaching to the stapes

vestibule of inner ear

composed of the utricle, saccule and semicircular canals

utricle

larger membraneous sac at base of semicircular canals

saccule

smaller membranous sac between the utricle and cochlea

semicircular canals

anterior posterior and lateral membraneous loops surrounded by bony labyrinth

bony labyrinth

tubes and sacs of membrane containing the hearing and equilibrium apparatus

membraneous labyrinth

tubes and sacs of membrane containing the hearing and equilibrium apparatus

cochlea

snail shaped structure of coiled tubes

vestibular duct

perilymph filled tube

vestibular membrane

membrane between the vestibular and cochlear ducts

cochlear duct

smallest endolymph filled tube between the vestibular and tympanic ducts

basilar membrane

membrane bw the cochlear and tympanic ducts

organ of corti

organ of hearing resting on the basilar membrane

tectoral membrane

membrane covering the organ of corti (A)

tympanic duct

perilymph filled tube