AP Lang Vocab Test #2

Allusion

A reference that recalls another work, another time in history, another famous person, and so forth

Apostrophe

prayer-like, this is a direct address to someone who is not present, to a deity or muse, or to some other power

Connotation

The associations or moods that accompany a word

Deductive

A form of logical argumentation that uses claims or premises

Denotation

This is the opposite of connotation, and it quite literally the dictionary meaning

Diction

The particular words an author uses in any essay

Ethos

an appeal to credibility

hyperbole

an exaggeration that bolsters an argument

inductive

a form of logical argumentation that requires the use of examples

Infinitive

The word “to” plus a verb, usually functioning as a noun and often as a predicate in a sentence

irony

the use of words to express something other than and often the opposite of the literal meaning

Juxtaposition

making one idea more dramatic by placing it next to its opposite

Logos

an appeal to reason

Pathos

an appeal to emotion

Personification

giving human attributes to non-human things

Repetition

A fundamental form of rhetorical stress that calls the reader’s attention to a particular word, phrase, or image for emphasis of meaning

Rhetorical Question

A question whose answer is assumed, designed to force the reader to respond in a predetermined manner, significant tool in study of rehtoric

rhetorical shift

occurs when author of an essay alters his or her diction, syntax, or both

simple sentence

an independent clause

Syntax

the study of rules of grammar that define the formation of sentences

understatement

creates exaggeration by showing restraint, opposite of hyperbole

rhetorical situation

exigence, purpose, audience, writer, context, message