Chloroplasts

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Chloroplasts contain a fluid material called the stroma, this is where light independent reactions take place, so contain enzymes needed for it,

Last updated 8:32 AM on 6/15/26
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8 Terms

1
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What is chloroplast

Chloroplast are the organelles where photosynthesis takes place

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What happens in photosynthesis

The energy from light is used to react carbon dioxide with water to form oxygen and the carbohydrate glucose

The energy trapped in photosynthesis is now contained within the chemical bonds in the glucose molecule

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What are the two sets of reactions in photosynthesis

The light dependent reactions use chlorophyll to harvest light energy, the energy is then transferred into the chemical bonds of other molecules such as ATP.

Light independent reaction is where glucose is formed. They do not require light, and take place during both light and dark conditions.

<p>The light dependent reactions use chlorophyll to harvest light energy, the energy is then transferred into the chemical bonds of other molecules such as ATP. </p><p>Light independent reaction is where glucose is formed. They do not require light, and take place during both light and dark conditions.</p>
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What are key features of chloroplast

They have a double membrane , they control what molecules leave and enter the chloroplast.

Thylakoids on different grana are connected together by flattened membranes called lamellae. These play a role in the light dependent reactions , and allow chemicals to pass between the grana.

Starch is stored in the chloroplast as starch granules (glucose can be converted to starch)

Chloroplassts contain loop of DNA, contains genes which encode some of the proteins needed for protein synthesis

Contains ribosomes, synthesise proteins encoded by chloroplast DNA

<p>They have a double membrane , they control what molecules leave and enter the chloroplast.</p><p>Thylakoids on different grana are connected together by flattened membranes called lamellae. These play a role in the light dependent reactions , and allow chemicals to pass between the grana.</p><p>Starch is stored in the chloroplast as starch granules (glucose can be converted to starch)</p><p>Chloroplassts contain loop of DNA, contains genes which encode some of the proteins needed for protein synthesis</p><p>Contains ribosomes, synthesise proteins encoded by chloroplast DNA</p>
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What are thylakoids

Inside chloroplast, we find membrane bound flattended discs, they are called thylakoids, and this is where light dependent reactions take place. So they contain chlorophyll and enzymes needed for light dependent reactions

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Whats granum / grana

Thylakoids are stacked on top of each other, this stack is called a granum . By stacking thylakoids into grana, light can be absorbed more efficiently.

7
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Whats lamellae

Thylakoids on different grana are connected together by flattened membranes called lamellae. These play a role in the light dependent reactions , and allow chemicals to pass between the grana.

8
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Whats stroma

Chloroplasts contain a fluid material called the stroma, this is where light independent reactions take place, so contain enzymes needed for it,