NYSTCE Childhood Pt. 1

Orthographic Processing

recall words based on visual cues

Semantic memory

general word knowledge (facts, concepts, meanings, rules)

syntactic processing

analyzing grammatical structure of a sentence to understand its meaning (identify nouns, verbs, adjectives and how they relate to give meaning to a sentence.)

open syllables

ends with a vowel sound spelled with a single vowel letter

closed syllables

has a short vowel and ends in a consonant

syntax

the arrangement of words and phrases to create well formed sentences

phonics

correlating spoken sounds (phonemes) with letters/letter combinations (graphemes)

phonemic awareness

ability to hear/identify individual sounds in spoken words

phoneme

smallest distinct unit of sound in a language

grapheme

written representation of a sound using letters

phonological awareness

awareness of and ability to work with sounds in spoken language (rhyme, alliteration, blending)