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Postimpressionists
________ and expressionists, such as Vincent van Gogh (1853- 1890), built on impressionist motifs of color and light but added a deep psychological element to their pictures, reflecting the attempt to search within the self and reveal (or "express) "deep inner feelings on the canvas.
early twentieth centuries
Existentialism had important precedents in the late nineteenth and ________, but the philosophy really came of age in France during and immediately after World War II.
healthy individual
For Freud, the ________ possessed a strong ego that effectively balanced the id and superego.
pugnacious Tractatus Logico Philosophicus
In his ________ (Essay on Logical Philosophy), published in 1922, Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is only the logical clarification of thoughts and that therefore it should concentrate on the study of language, which expresses thoughts.
Cinema
________ became a true mass medium in the 1920s, the golden age of silent film.
Einsteins
In addition, ________ theory stated that matter and energy are interchangeable and that even a particle of matter contains enormous levels of potential energy.
influential writings
In brilliant and ________, Barth argued that human beings were imperfect, sinful creatures whose reason and will are hopelessly flawed.
Germany
In 1911 twenty- eight- year- old Walter Gropius (1883- 1969) broke sharply with the past in his design of the Fagus shoe factory at Alfeld, ________- a clean, light, elegant building of glass and iron.
President Herbert Hoover
________ (r. 1929- 1933) and his administration initially reacted to the stock market crash and economic decline with dogged optimism but limited action.
Nietzsche
________ painted a dark world, perhaps foreshadowing his own loss of sanity in 1889.
Hitlers Nazi Party
Throughout the 1920s ________ attracted support from fanatical anti- Semites, ultranationalists, and disgruntled ex- servicemen.
Surrealists
________ such as Salvador DalĂ (1904- 1989) were deeply influenced by Freudian psychology and portrayed images of the unconscious in their art.
Freud
Before ________, poets and mystics had probed the unconscious and irrational aspects of human behavior.
Political dissension
________ in France was encouraged by the Spanish Civil War (1936- 1939), during which authoritarian Fascist rebels overthrew the democratically elected republican government.
1890s
In the ________ French philosophy professor Henri Bergson (1859- 1941), for one, argued that immediate experience and intuition were as important as rational and scientific thinking for understanding reality.
Zurich
In 1916 a group of artists and intellectuals in exile in ________, Switzerland, championed a new movement they called Dadaism, which attacked all the familiar standards of art and delighted in outrageous behavior.
consumer society
The emerging ________ of the 1920s is a good example of the way technological developments can lead to widespread social change.
Great Depression
The ________ and the government response to it marked a major turning point in American history.
modern philosophy
Like ________, physics no longer provided comforting truths about natural laws or optimistic answers about humanitys place in an understandable world.
Composers
________ and performers expressed the emotional intensity and shock of the age in radically experimental forms.
Department stores
________ epitomized the emergence of consumer society.
German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche
The ________ (1844- 1900) was particularly influential, though not until after his death.
Christianity
________- and religion in general- had been on the defensive in intellectual circles since the Enlightenment.
financial crisis
The ________ led to a general crisis of production: between 1929 and 1933 world output of goods fell by an estimated 38 percent.
Experimental radio sets
________ were first available in the 1880s; the work of Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi (1874- 1937) around 1900 and the development of the vacuum tube in 1904 made possible primitive transmissions of speech and music.
single interdisciplinary school
In 1919 Gropius merged the schools of fine and applied arts at Weimar into a(n) ________, the Bauhaus.
book Civilization
In his ________ and Its Discontents (1930), Freud argued that civilization was possible only when individuals renounced their irrational instincts in order to live peaceably in groups.
Mass
________- produced goods had a profound impact on the lives of ordinary people.
consumer culture
The emergence of modern ________ both undermined and reinforced existing social differences.
financial panic
The ________ triggered an international financial crisis.
Freud
________ described three structures of the self- the id, the ego, and the superego- that were basically at war with one another.
Cinema
________ first emerged in the United States around 1880, driven in part by the inventions of Thomas Edison.
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Flashcard (32)