Botany: Angiosperms and Fruits

Practical 4

Complete flowers are composed of 4 parts:

Sepals: protect flower buds

Petals: entice pollinator

Stamens: male reproductive structure

Carpel/Pistil: female reproductive structure

Which letter(s) show a perfect flower?

A, D

Which letter shows an incomplete flower?

A, B, C

Which letter points to the androecium?

A

Which letter points to the corolla?

B

Which letter points to the calyx?

C

Raspberries are (simple/complex) fruit because they come from one flower, while pineapples are a multiple fruit because they come from an ___.

simple; inflorescence (cluster of flowers)

Label all parts.

A: Pedicle

B: Sepal

C: Style

D: Stigma

E: Petal

F: Anther

G: Filament

H: Ovary

I: Ovule

Dicot and Monocot

Dicots: two cotyledons in the seed; flower parts are usually in multiples of 4 or 5

Monocot: one cotyledon in the seed; flower parts are typically in multiples of 3

Complete vs Incomplete Flowers

Complete: have pistil, stamens, petals, and sepals

Incomplete: if any one of these parts is missing

Perfect vs Imperfect Flowers

Perfect: has pistil, stamens, - may lack petals and sepals

Imperfect: either pistil or stamen absent

Imperfect Monoecious Flowers

male and female flowers on the same plant

Imperfect Dioecious Flowers

male and female flowers on different plants

Embryo Sac Formation Steps

Double Fertilization Steps

Label the Parts of a Developing Ovule

• Micropyle

• Ovary Wall

• Style

• Megasporocyte

• Funiculus

• Integuments

• Ovary

• Nucellus

Male Gametophyte Development

Define Fruit

a ripened ovary containing seeds, together with any adjacent floral parts that may be fused with it at maturity

What are the three types of fruits?

Simple: derived from a single pistil of one flower

Aggregate: derived from more than one pistil on one flower

Multiple: derived from pistils form several flowers

Dry vs Fleshy Fruits

Dry: fruit that becomes hard and dry when the seeds are ready to shed (mature)

Fleshy: soft, sweet, odiferous, brightly colored

Berry

entire pericarp is fleshy, although skin is sometimes tough; may have one or many seeds

EX) tomatoes, bananas, grapes, amur honeysuckle

Drupe

fleshy fruit with hard inner layer surrounding the seed

EX) peach, plum, black cherry, hackberry, sassafras, flowering dogwood

Pepo

berry with a hard, thick rind

EX) watermelon, cucumber, squash

Hesperidium

berry with a leathery rind and parchment-like partitions between sections

EX) orange, lemon

Legume

elongated “bean pod“ splitting along two seams

EX) honey locust, black locust, redbud

Samara

small, winged, one-seeded fruit, usually produced in clusters

EX) maples, ash, elm