Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

These flashcards cover key concepts related to nucleotides, nucleic acids, and their functions, as well as structural details concerning DNA and RNA.

What is the basic building block of nucleic acids?

A nucleotide is composed of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base.

What are the main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

The main components are proteoglycan aggregates, collagen fibers, and elastin.

What is hyaluronan and its function in the extracellular matrix?

Hyaluronan is a high-molecular-mass polysaccharide that holds water, provides lubrication and reduces friction in soft connective tissues.

What determines if a nucleic acid is DNA or RNA?

The presence of a hydroxyl group at the 2’ position of ribose indicates RNA, while the absence (i.e., 2’-deoxyribose) indicates DNA.

What is the role of ribonucleic acid (RNA)?

RNA is synthesized using a DNA template and is involved in protein synthesis, serving as a code carrier.

How do base pairs connect in DNA?

A pairs with T (adenine with thymine), and G pairs with C (guanine with cytosine) through hydrogen bonds.

What causes DNA to denature?

DNA denaturation occurs when hydrogen bonds are broken, typically due to high temperatures or changes in pH.

What are purines and how do they differ from pyrimidines?

Purines (adenine and guanine) have a two-ring structure, whereas pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, uracil) have a single-ring structure.

What is the significance of the Watson-Crick model of DNA?

The Watson-Crick model describes the double helix structure of DNA, highlighting base pairing and the antiparallel nature of its strands.

What is the primary function of nucleotides in cells?

Nucleotides serve various functions including energy transfer (as ATP), genetic information storage, and signaling in the form of cyclic AMP.