BIO 101 Chapter 5 Obj jc

Autotroph

Self feeders, make food

Heterotroph

Other feeders, eat food

Balanced Equation for Photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy => C6H12O6 + 6O2

Usage of Carbohydrates Made During Photosynthesis

Energy
Structure

Electromagnetic spectrum

A range of different types of light based on their wavelength

Photons

Particle of light

Wavelength and Energy Relationship

Short wavelength, high energy
Long wavelength, low energy

Visible Light Wavelength

380-750 nm

Photosynthetic Pigments

Molecules that absorb light energy for photosynthesis

Chlorophyll a color reflection

blue green

Chlorophyll b color reflection

yellow green

Carotenoids color reflection

orange

What Occurs in the Mesophyll

Photosynthesis happens inside the leaf’s chloroplast filled cells

Two Stages of Photosynthesis

Light reactions and Carbon reactions, Calvin cycle

Light Reaction Reactant (Input)

H2O

Light Reaction Product

ATP
NADPH

Carbon Reaction Reactant (Input)

CO2

Carbon Reaction Product

NADP+
ADP

Photosystem Definition & Location

A group of pigments, like chlorophyll, in the thylakoid membrane that get excited when capturing light energy for photosynthesis

Antenna Molecule Function

Light energy excites the antenna molecule, then redirects light to the reaction center to start photosynthesis

Reaction Center Function

Source of electrons as it responds to light energy

Why is Water Required in Light Reactions

To replenish electrons

Non-cyclic Pathway & Electron Shuttling

Electrons move from PSII to PSI, then end up in NADPH

What is the Accomplished Work When Electrons are Moved through the Electron Transport Chain

Hydrogen ions are pumped inside the thylakoid membrane

At the second photosystem (Photosystem I), what is required to reenergize the electron to produce NADPH

Light energy

How is ATP synthase involved in the production of ATP

ATP is made as hydrogen ions move through it

Calvin Cycle Steps

Carbon Fixation

PGAL Synthesis

Regeneration of RuBP

Number of RuBP Carbon Atoms

5

Number of CO2 Carbon Atoms

1

Number of PGA & PGAL Carbon Atoms

3

Number of Glucose Carbon Atoms

6

Enzyme Responsible for Combining RuBP with CO2

Rubisco

What is required to convert PGA to PGAL

ATP, NADPH

What is required to convert PGAL to RuBP

ATP

What occurs if RuBP is not available

Photosynthesis stops

Photorespiration

When RuBisCO grabs O2 instead of CO2, causing the plant to waste energy and make no sugar

C3 Plants

Regular photosynthesis without adaptations to reduce photorespiration

C4 Plants

Light dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle occur in different cells

CAM Plants

Light dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle occurs at different times

Carbon Fixation Process

Adding carbons together

PGAL Synthesis Process

PGA is turned into PGAL using ATP

Regeneration of RuBP Process

Uses ATP to rebuild RuBP so the Calvin cycle can keep going

Light Reaction Reactant (Output)

O2

Carbon Reaction Reactant (Output)

Sugar