3: Ionic Compounds

Flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 3 on chemical bonding, including ionic and covalent bonds, ion formation and nomenclature, periodic table trends for ion charges, and naming compounds with polyatomic ions and transition metals.

How do atoms achieve 8 valence electrons according to the lecture?

Atoms may lose or gain enough electrons to become an ion, or atoms may share electrons with one or more atoms.

What is an IONIC BOND?

An ionic bond results from the force of attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion.

When do ionic bonds typically occur?

Ionic bonds occur between a metal and a nonmetal.

What is a COVALENT BOND?

A covalent bond results from the force of attraction between two atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons.

When do covalent bonds typically occur?

Covalent bonds occur between two nonmetals or metalloids.

What type of bond would you expect between Na (sodium) and O (oxygen)?

An ionic bond, because sodium is a metal and oxygen is a nonmetal.

What type of bond would you expect between N (nitrogen) and O (oxygen)?

A covalent bond, because nitrogen and oxygen are both nonmetals.

What is an ION?

An ion is a charged species formed by adding or removing electrons to or from an atom.

What is a CATION?

A cation is a positive ion produced when one or more electrons are removed from a neutral atom.

How are cations typically named?

Cations are named by using the parent name followed by 'ion' or 'cation' (e.g., Sodium ion or sodium cation).

What is the OCTET RULE?

The Octet Rule describes elements' tendency to react in ways that achieve an outer shell of eight valence electrons.

How are transition metal cations named?

If the metal is a transition metal, its charge must be included in Roman numerals within parentheses after the metal's name (e.g., Chromium(II)).

What is an ANION?

An anion is a negative ion formed when a neutral atom gains electrons.

How are anions typically named?

Anions are named by adding '-ide' to the root of the atom name (e.g., Chloride ion, oxide ion, sulfide ion).

Are ions ever formed by changing the number of protons?

No, ions are never formed by changing the number of protons; they are formed by gaining or losing electrons.

What charge do Group 1A metals form?

Group 1A metals form cations with a +1 charge.

What charge do Group 2A metals form?

Group 2A metals form cations with a +2 charge.

What charge do Halogens (Group 7A) form?

Halogens form anions with a -1 charge.

What charge do Group 6A nonmetals form?

Group 6A nonmetals form anions with a -2 charge.

What is the formula and name for the Carbonate polyatomic anion?

CO3^2- , Carbonate

What is the formula and name for the Hydroxide polyatomic anion?

OH- , Hydroxide

What is the formula and name for the Sulfate polyatomic anion?

SO4^2- , Sulfate

What is the net charge requirement for a chemical compound?

A chemical compound MUST have a net charge of zero, with both cations and anions present.

How are binary ionic compounds named?

Binary ionic compounds are named with the cation first, followed by the anion with an '-ide' ending (e.g., Sodium Chloride).

What is a Polyatomic ion?

Polyatomic ions are ions composed of several atoms bound together.

What is the systematic name for Cr^2+?

Chromium(II)

What is the common name for Fe^3+?

Ferric

How would you name the compound Fe(NO3)3?

Iron (III) Nitrate

How would you name the compound AlCl3?

Aluminum chloride

What is the chemical formula for Copper (II) sulfite?

CuSO3