Pharmacotherapy and Anemia Review

Comprehensive fill-in-the-blank practice cards covering cardiovascular pharmacology, VTE, heart failure, and anemia diagnostics based on lecture transcripts.

Antiplatelets block __________ while anticoagulants block the coagulation cascade.

platelet aggregation

Antiplatelet drugs are used most often to prevent __________ thrombosis.

Arterial

Warfarin therapy is monitored using the __________ lab value.

INR

The classic reversal agent for heparin is __________ __________.

protamine sulfate

DVT often presents with __________ leg swelling, pain, warmth, and tenderness.

unilateral

The classic symptoms of PE include sudden __________, pleuritic chest pain, tachycardia, and hypoxemia.

dyspnea

Three common VTE risk factors include immobility, __________, and cancer.

surgery

In VTE, anticoagulation is used to prevent clot extension and __________.

embolization

Stable angina is usually __________ and exertional, while unstable angina may occur at rest.

predictable

Combining nitroglycerin with a __________ inhibitor can cause profound hypotension.

PDE-5

Nitrates are useful in angina because they reduce myocardial oxygen demand and improve __________ __________.

coronary perfusion

ACS therapy focuses on reducing platelet-driven __________ __________.

coronary thrombosis

HFrEF stands for heart failure with __________ ejection fraction.

reduced

HFpEF stands for heart failure with __________ ejection fraction.

preserved

Drug classes that provide mortality benefit in HFrEF include Beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, ARNIs, MRAs, or __________ inhibitors.

SGLT2

A low reticulocyte count suggests __________ RBC production.

impaired

A high reticulocyte count suggests __________ __________ or hemolysis.

blood loss

MCV measures the average RBC __________, while RDW measures the __________ in RBC size.

size; variation

__________ refers to variation in RBC shape.

Poikilocytosis

In iron deficiency anemia, the lab pattern typically shows low iron, __________ TIBC, and low ferritin.

high

In anemia of chronic disease, iron is low, but ferritin is __________ or __________.

normal; high

__________ is considered the best indicator of iron stores.

Ferritin

Vitamin __________ deficiency causes neurologic symptoms like paresthesias and ataxia, whereas folate deficiency does not.

B12

The lab marker __________ is more specific for B12 deficiency than homocysteine.

MMA

Homocysteine levels are elevated in both __________ and __________ deficiencies.

B12; folate

The compulsive eating of ice is called __________.

pagophagia

Rapidly developing anemia can present with symptoms like palpitations, lightheadedness, and __________.

tachycardia

Low reticulocyte counts categorize an anemia as __________.

hypoproliferative