HTML, CSS, Accessibility, and Web Development Fundamentals

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the HTML, CSS, accessibility, UI/UX design, and computer hardware lecture notes.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

The foundation of web structure, defining the elements of a webpage.

div element

A generic HTML element that does not hold any semantic meaning and is used as a generic container to hold other HTML elements.

Void Elements

HTML elements that do not have a closing tag, such as .

HTML boilerplate

The basic structure of a webpage, which includes the DOCTYPE, html, head, and body elements, used as the starting point for an HTML document.

Semantic HTML elements

Elements that provide meaning to the structure of content, such as

,

,

,

,

, and

.

Emphasis (em) element

An HTML element used to mark text that has stress emphasis.

Idiomatic Text (i) element

An HTML element used for highlighting an alternative voice or mood, idiomatic terms from another language, technical terms, and thoughts.

Strong Importance (strong) element

An HTML element used to mark text that has strong importance.

Bring Attention To (b) element

An HTML element used to bring attention to text that is not important for the meaning of the content.

action attribute

A form attribute used to specify the URL where the form data should be sent.

method attribute

A form attribute used to specify the HTTP method to use when sending form data, with GET and POST being the most common.

name attribute

An attribute used to assign a name to an input field, which serves as the key when form data is submitted.

Implicit form association

The practice of associating inputs with labels by wrapping the input field inside the label element.

Explicit form association

The practice of associating inputs with labels by using the for attribute on the label element.

WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines)

A set of guidelines for making web content more accessible to people with disabilities, built on the four principles of POUR (Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust).

Screen readers

Software programs that read the content of a computer screen out loud, used by people who are blind or visually impaired to access the web.

WAI-ARIA

Web Accessibility Initiative - Accessible Rich Internet Applications; a set of attributes added to HTML elements to improve accessibility and provide additional information to assistive technologies.

aria-hidden attribute

An attribute used to hide an element from assistive technologies such as screen readers.

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

A stylesheet language used to apply styles such as colors, background images, and layouts to HTML elements.

Universal Selector (*)

A special type of CSS selector that matches any element in the document and has a specificity value of (0, 0, 0, 0).

Cascade Algorithm

An algorithm used to decide which CSS rules to apply when multiple styles target the same element based on a set of defined rules.

CSS Inheritance

The process by which styles are passed down from parent elements to their child elements in the document tree.

Progressive Disclosure

A design pattern used to only show users relevant content based on their current activity and hide the rest to reduce cognitive load.

em Unit

A CSS relative unit relative to the font size of the element (or parent element when used on font-size).

rem Unit

A CSS relative unit relative to the font size of the root html element.

CSS Box Model

A layout model in CSS where every element is surrounded by a box consisting of four components: content area, padding, border, and margin.

Margin Collapse

A CSS behavior where vertical margins of adjacent elements overlap, resulting in a single margin equal to the larger of the two.

content-box Value

A box-sizing model where specified width and height only include the content area, excluding padding, border, and margin.

border-box Value

A box-sizing model where specified width and height include content area, padding, and border, but exclude margin.

CSS flexbox

A one-dimensional layout model that allows elements to be arranged in rows and columns within a container.

Kerning

The adjustment of space between specific pairs of characters to improve readability and aesthetics.

Tracking

The adjustment of space between all characters across a block of text.

Leading

The vertical space between lines of text, measured from the baseline of one line to the baseline of the next line.

Mobile first approach

A design philosophy and development strategy in responsive web design that prioritizes creating websites for mobile devices before designing for larger screens.