Unit 9 Vocab

Akbar the Great

Greatest ruler of the Mughal Empire; stopped Sati, added land, beautified Delhi

Boyars

Russian nobles

Catherine II (the Great)

\n Russian Czarina; expanded Russia; increased power over the Serfs; Ended Enlightenment ideals

cossacks

Russia’s version of the pioneer; expanded east pushing out Mongols

Czar (Tsar)

Russian word for Caesar; called themselves Czars as they saw themselves as descendants of Rome

Dutch Schools (learning)-

In Japan, these were places where the Japanese adapted European learning for Japanese use (Math and science)

Gunpowder Empires

The name given to the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires who expanded thanks to Islam and \n Gunpowder

Harem Politics

The fighting amongst wives and concubines to compete for their son’s chance at the throne

Isolation

In this case, China and Japan kicking the Europeans out for trying to force Christianity on them

Istanbul

Istanbul was Constantinople; capital of the Ottoman Empire

Ivan III (the Great)

Russian Czar that kicked out the Mongols

Ivan IV (the Terrible)

Russian Czar that killed all his family and led Russia to the “Time of Troubles”

Janissaries

the powerful military force of the Ottoman; Slave troops, many taken at a young age from Christian families

Kowtow

ceremonial bow down to the rulers of China or Japan

Matteo Ricci

Jesuit priest that adopted Chinese customs to gain favor in the Chinese court

Mehmed the Conqueror

The Ottoman ruler that conquered Constantinople

Ming Dynasty

The dynasty that ended the Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty and restored the Confucian bureaucracy system

Moscow

he capital of Russia after Kyiv; this happened because this was where the Mongols had been collecting \n tribute

Mughal Empire

The gunpowder empire in India

Ottoman Empire

The gunpowder empire where the old Byzantine Empire was

Peter I (the Great)

Russian ruler that expanded Russia, built St Petersburg, and westernized Russia

Pugachev

Romanov Dynasty

Dynasty that took over Russia after the Time of Troubles; Lasted until 1912

Safavid Empire

the gunpowder empire that was in Persia

Shah Abbas the Great

Greatest ruler of the Safavid Empire; expanded; built a new capital in Isfahad

Sikhism (Sikh)

New religion created in the Punjab region of India/Pakistan

St Petersburg

Capital of Russia under Peter the Great; had a warm water port on the Baltic Sea so Russia could trade \n with Europe year round

Suleyman the Magnificent

Greatest ruler of the Ottoman Empire; beautified Istanbul; expanded

Tokugawa Shogunate

Shogunate that will rule until the end of shogunate period; “isolated” Japan