CC102 Final

eudaemonia

flourishing

moderate disposition

what virtues are

willfully

how virtues and vices are acquired

statesmanship

branch of knowledge of the good

scientific and calculating

two parts of the rational soul

Philia

friendship/love that is tied to being a good person

useful, pleasure-based, between good people (complete & perfect)

3 types of friendship

flourishing

an activity desirable in itself

two ways to flourish

exercising our intellect (the best element within us) & exercising our moral goodness

divine life

life of the intellect

how you make good people according to Aristotle

habituation through laws

filial piety

the root, according to Confucius

rectification of names

Confucius’ belief that people should understand and comply with their place in society

culture and ritual

The Way according to Confucius

The Way

the natural way of being in the world

intellectual virtues and virtues of character

two kinds of virtues

good judgement

wisdom according to Aristotle

Ru tradition

what Confucius redefined and made accessible to the non-aristocratic population

Zhou dynasty

the rituals of which Confucius bases his teaching

Ritual

propriety, decorum, appropriate custom, refined cultural habit

“wen”

culture

cultivated person

a person of pattern

Central Confucian virtues

filial piety, righteousness, trustworthiness, wisdom, humaneness

humaneness

return to propriety; self-cultivation and self-realization

Book of Odes

oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry

Warring States Period

481-222 BCE

Laozi

“Old Master”

Dao

the Way; the way nature operates

Qi

what everything that exists is made of

yin and yang

two modulations of qi

yang

bright, warm, hard, strong, male

yin

dark, cool, moist, soft, weak, flexible, female

non-action

not acting in a conscious way

naming something establishes that there is something its opposite

why Laozi is against naming things

mos maiorum

way of the ancients

pietas

putting duty to others ahead of your own interests and desires

moral crux of the poem

to pacify, to impose the rule of law, to spare the conquered, battle down the proud

Odyssey

Aeneid 1-6 is like this epic

Iliad

Aeneid 7-12 is like this epic

duty and fury

key words in the Aeneid

ekphrasis

description of art in literature

nobilitas

inherited excellence, confirmed in the present

Aristeia

battle moment

creusa

aeneis’ wife who dies in Troy

Venus

Aeneis’s mom

the sibyl

the guide in the Underworld (Cumae)

amor

cupid

The Golden Bough

what Aeneis needs to break off in order to enter the Underworld. It is supposed to come off easily if the person is called by fate. It comes off, but not easily, for Aeneis.

Vulcan

the guy who make Aeneas’ shield

Allecto

the fury Juno uses to incite the Latin women to rebel against the Trojans and arouses Ascanius’ hunting dog to go after the stag that starts the war

Juturna

Turnus’ sister; a water nymph

Latinus

king of Latium and father of Lavinia

Amata

wife of Latinus, mother of Lavinia; commits suicide when she thinks Turnus has lost

Evander

a king who allies himself with Aeneis against the Latins

Pallas

son of Evander who he sends to fight with Aeneas

Mezentius

Etruscan king who allies with Turnus

Dido

queen of Carthage

Arjuna

protagonist of the Bhagavad Gita

Krishna

Arjuna’s charioteer and mentor, who also turns out to be a worldly incarnation of Vishnu, a manifestation of Supreme God

Dhritarashtra

blind king in the Gita

Sanjaya

the charioteer and advisor of the bling king who has the gift of divine vision

Atman

self-existent essence of Self of each individual, which persists across multiple rebirths. It is eternal and unaffected by birth or death.

Dharma

the underlying order of the universe, as well as the activities which express and maintain that order.

Krishna’s first argument

the self (atman) never dies

Krishna’s second argument

unattached action lets you escape the “bondage of karma” or the cycle of rebirth

Krishna’s third argument

surrender all actions to Krishna and you will be liberated

Karma

law of cause and effect that shapes a person’s trajectory through samsara and traps them in a cycle of continuous rebirth

Mahabharata

the vast epic poem in classical Sanskrit that tells the story of a devastating rivalry between two clans of the ruling class for control of a kingdom in northern India. The Gita is in Book VI.

Samsara

the repeating cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth in which all beings exist

Moksa

liberation from the cycle of rebirth and from the suffering of the human condition

Sramana movement

a movement of people from 600 BCE who sought alternative, non-orthodox social and religious paths. The Gita is composed in this period.

Discipline of knowledge, action, and attachment

the three main paths to liberation in the Gita

Josephus

a Jewish historian who was captured by the Romans during the First Jewish Revolt, he became a client of the imperial court and composed several important books

Herod the Great

an Idumean general and ally of the Romans, he was declared king of Judea in 40 BCE by the Roman senate and ruled as a client king of Rome for 36 years

Philo of Alexandria

a highly educated Alexandrian Jew who wrote many books about the heroes of the Jewish faith, as well as other works. He successfully persuaded Rome to re-affirm their protection of the Jewish community in Alexandria

Diaspora

a term used to refer to Jews living outside of Judea proper

Septuagint

the term used to refer to the Greek translations of the Hebrew Scriptures that served as the sacred scriptures

Fulfillment citation

the Gospel of Matthew depicts Jesus as a fulfillment of Jewish scriptures by listing a number of passages which are introduced with the formula “This took place to fulfill what had been spoken by the Lord…”

Synoptic Gospels

the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke

Gentiles

the term used for everyone who is not Jewish

Apocalyptic Eschatology

reveals heavenly secrets about the end of time

Gospel of Matthew

Community book that provides for the need for: debate, communal ethics, and the expectation of the return of Christ

Can we figure out who Jesus was from what he taught?

Essential question of the Gospel of John

Mistake dialogues in John

depicts people who struggle to understand and miss Jesus’ point. We as “insiders” are supposed to know that Jesus comes from God, dies, and comes back again

anōthen

term that means “from above” or “again”. Jesus’ use of it leads to the idea of being “born again”

Gospel of John

the only Gospel where Jesus doesn’t teach to everyone and only a small group of “insiders” understand what he says.

“Lifted up”

emphasis on this phrase in the crucifixion of Jesus in the Gospel of John to demonstrate that people shouldn’t focus on the suffering of Jesus

Prologue

modern introduction to work of literature, different than the invocation of the Muse

Literary threshold

end of a prologue, challenges the readers to watch/read before they judge

Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim

Nun at the Benedictine Abbey who wrote Dulcitius

Terence

Roman playwright who Hrotsvita considers herself a Christian replacement for

both wrote six comedies, wrote prologues to anticipate critics, awareness of self as a poet and of the audience, willingness to try something “new”

Similarities between Terence and Hrotsvita

The Martyrdom of the Holy Virgins Agape, China, and Hirena

original name of Dulcitius before Hrosvitha’s editor changed it

Gehenna

valley south of Jerusalem that is believed to be the center of Earth and “Hell”

Trope

an embellished biblical passage in mass/where aesthetic criteria dominates the narrative form

comedy (from a Christian perspective)

literary genre where the protagonists are saved in the end

180 BCE

when Terence lived

3rd-4th century CE

when Dulcitius takes place

10th century CE

when Hrosvitha writes

1501

when Hrosvitha’s dramas are published