History of Psychology

When was structuralism founded and who by?

Founded by Edward Titchener under William Wundt in 1879-1970’s

What is structuralism?

The scientific study of conscious experience and the structure of the mind. The idea that the totality of human experience can be broken down into smaller elements.

Who was Edward Titchener

The student of William Wundt, founder of structuralism.

When was functionalism founded and by who

Founded by William James in 1890-1920’s

What is Functionalism

The study of the brain as a whole and not the individual sum of its parts

What techniques did William James use when studying Functionalism

He used introspection and practical experiments

When was psychology started and who by

Founded by Wilhem Wundt at the end of the 19th century.

What is nativism

The theory that concepts, mental capacitities, and mental structures are innate rather than acquired by learning (you are born with every mental function you possess)

What is Empiricism

the philosophical belief that states your knowledge of the world is based on your experiences, particularly your sensory experiences.

Trepanation

The medical act of drilling a hole into the skull to exercise demons and spirits out of individuals afflicted with mental distress.

What is physiognomy

The judging of a persons character from facial features and facial characteristics

What did Galen (2nd Century AD) believe about personality

Personality was determined by four bodily fluids and an overabundance of any one determined strong qualities in personality.

What did Descarte (17th Century) think of the body and ideas.

He believed in Mind-Body Dualism, the body as a machine and ideas like God, the self, perfection, and infinity were innate

What was phrenology?

the belief that personality can be divined based on the shape of an individuals skull

What is Craniometry

The belief that the size of your brain determines intelligence, founded by Port Broca in 1862.

Whose beliefs is an example of nurture instead of nature

John Locke believed we are born as ‘Tabula Rasa’ and that all knowledge is gained. This is nurture over nature.

Whose beliefs are an example of nature instead of nurture

Jeremy Benthon believed we are born evil and social structure keeps us all in line. This is an example of nature over nurture

Sheldon (20th century) linked personality to body types in his ‘Constitutional Psychology’ what were these three body types.

Endomorphs, Mesomorphs, and Ectomorphs

Who was Francis Galton (19th-20th century)

He did one of the first psychological surveys where he checked peoples traits against there parents. Studying the heritability of intellect and behavioural characteristics.

who was Gustave Le Bon

Founder of the theory on crowd control, the loss of individuality in a crown setting. Mob mentality