Lab 6: Deuterostomia; Phyla Echinodermata, Hemichordata, and Basal Chordates ppt

Anus develops first, mouth later in development

Deuterostomes (def)

What type of cleavage do deuterostomes have

Indeterminate cleavage

Phyla within Clade Deuterostomia

Echinodermata, hemichordata, chordata

Phyla Echinodermata, Hemichordata, and Chordata are in Clade…

Clade Deuterostomia

Which embryonic development does this photo depict

Protostomes

1 indicates

Spiral cleavage

2 indicates

Blastopore

3 indicates

Mesoderm

4 indicates

Coelom

5 indicates

Archenteron

6 indicates

Anus

7 indicates

Mouth

Which embryonic development does this photo depict

Deuterostomes

1 indicates

Radial cleavage

2 indicates

Blastopore

3 indicates

Coelom

4 indicates

Mesoderm

5 indicates

Mouth

6 indicates

Digestive tube

7 indicates

Anus

Common name of Phylum Echinodermata

Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers

Sea stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers are in Phylum…

Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum Echinodermata roots

Echino = spicy

Derma = skin

Where do Phylum Echinodermata live

Marine

Lifestyle of Phylum Echinodermata

Near sessile

What is so great about the body of Phylum Echinodermata

Regeneration capabilities

What is the purpose of the water vascular system in Phylum Echinodermata

Feeding, locomotion, gas/nutrient exchange

The water vascular system in Phylum Echinodermata is a ____ ____ of internal structures and canals

Hydraulic system

Entrance to the water vascular system

Madreporite (def)

1 indicates

Radial canal

2 indicates

Tube feet

3 indicates

Ampullae

4 indicates

Stone canal

5 indicates

Madreporite

6 indicates

Ring canal

How has the symmetry in Phylum Echinodermata evolved

Secondarily evolved radial symmetry

What type of symmetry does Phylum Echinodermata exhibit in adulthood

Radial symmetry, pentaradial

What type of symmetry does the larval stage of Phylum Echinodermata exhibit

Bilateral symmetry

Growth of starfish (Phylum Echinodermata) larva

Bipinnaria > brachiolaria

Classes within Phylum Echinodermata

Ophiuroidea, echinoidea, crinoidea, holothuroidea, asteroidea

Classes Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, Holothuroidea, and Asteroidea are in Phylum…

Phylum Echinodermata

Common name of Class Ophiuroidea

Brittle stars

How are the arms in brittle stars (Class Ophiuroidea) connected to the central disk

Narrowly jointed to central disk

Brittle stars (Class Ophiuroidea) do not possess ____ ____ in their arms

Visceral organs

Where is the mouth in brittle stars (Class Ophiuroidea)

Facing ocean floor, ventral

Where is the madreporite in brittle stars (Class Ophiuroidea)

By mouth, ventral

Common name of Class Echinoidea

Sea urchins, irregular urchins, sea biscuits, sand dollars

Sea urchins, irregular urchins, sea biscuits, and sand dollars are in Class…

Class Echinoidea

Where is the mouth in Class Echinoidea

Facing ocean floor

What kind of symmetry does Class Echinoidea have

Pentaradial symmetry

What is the internal shell of Class Echinoidea called

Test

What is the body of Class Echinoidea covered with

Moveable spines

Structure in Class Echinoidea that is inside the mouth for leverage of the jaws

Aristotle’s lantern

What structure is this, and what class is this in

Aristotle’s lantern, Class Echinoidea

Common name of Class Crinoidea

Crinoids

Crinoids are in Class…

Class Crinoidea

Lateral extensions for suspension feeding

Pinnules (def)

How many primary arms does Class Crinoidea have

Five primary arms

The subarms of Class Crinoidea have what connected to them

Pinnules

Lifestyle of Class Crinoidea

Sessile

How does Class Crinoidea attach to substrate

Long stalk, holdfasts

Common name of Class Holothuroidea

Sea cucumbers

Sea cucumbers are in Class…

Class Holothuroidea

What type of symmetry do sea cucumbers (Class Holothuroidea) have

Bilateral symmetry

Why have sea cucumbers (Class Holothuroidea) adopted bilateral symmetry

Motility

Body type of sea cucumbers (Class Holothuroidea)

Elongated bodies, soft bodied

Common names of Class Asteroidea

Starfish, sun stars

Starfish and sun stars are in Class…

Class Asteroidea

What kind of symmetry does Class Asteroidea have

Pentaradial symmetry

What structures are located on the aboral surface (faces upward) of Class Asteroidea

Madreporite, anus, nonmoveable spines, eyespots

Where are the non moveable spines located on Class Asteroidea

Everywhere except end of arm

Where are the eyespots located on Class Asteroidea

Every arm, distal end

What are the eyespots in Class Asteroidea used for

Light detection

What structures are located on the oral surface (faces downward) of Class Asteroidea

Ambulacral grooves, tube feet, mouth

The pink arrow indicates

Tube feet

The green arrow indicates

Mouth

The yellow arrow indicates

Ambulacral groove

The red arrow indicates

Madreporite

The blue arrow indicates

Anus

Common names of Phylum Hemichordata

Acorn worms, pterobranchs

Acorn worms and pterobranchs are in Phylum…

Phylum Hemichordata

Roots of Phylum Hemichordata

Hemi = half

Chorda = chord

Phylum Hemichordata is sister to Phylum…

Phylum Echinodermata

What phylum and common name is this organism

Phylum Hemichordata, acorn worm

What phylum and common name is this organism

Phylum Hemichordata, pterobranch

Name the indicated structures, left to right respectively

Pharyngeal pores, collar, proboscis

What are the five chordate characteristics in Phylum Chordata

Notochord, nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, post anal tail, endostyle

What type of segmentation does Phylum Chordata exhibit

Metameric segmentation

Purpose of pharyngeal slits in Phylum Chordata

Filter feeding

Purpose of post anal tail in Phylum Chordata

Locomotion

Precursor to the thyroid gland, used for food capture

Endostyle (def)

Supports based on hydrostatic pressure

Notochord (def)

Blue indicates

Notochord

Green indicates

Nerve cord

Red indicates

Pharyngeal slits

Purple indicates

Post anal tail

Subphyla in Phylum Chordata

Cephalochordata, urochordata, craniata

Subphyla Cephalochordata, Urochordata, and Craniata are in Phylum…

Phylum Chordata

Common name of Subphylum Cephalochordata

Lancelets

Feeding method of lancelets (Subphylum Cephalochordata)

Burrowing deposit feeders