BRAIN ANATOMY + SAGITTAL SECTION OF BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

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79 Terms

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cerebral hemispheres

the two sections of the cortex on the left and right sides of the brain

<p>the two sections of the cortex on the left and right sides of the brain</p>
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longitudinal fissure

separates left and right hemispheres of cerebrum

<p>separates left and right hemispheres of cerebrum</p>
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transverse cerebral fissure

separates cerebrum and cerebellum

<p>separates cerebrum and cerebellum</p>
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central sulcus

separates the frontal lobe from parietal lobes

<p>separates the frontal lobe from parietal lobes</p>
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lateral sulcus

separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe and frontal lobe

<p>separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe and frontal lobe</p>
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precentral gyrus

primary motor cortex

initiates + executes voluntary muscle movement

<p>primary motor cortex</p><p>initiates + executes voluntary muscle movement</p>
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postcentral gyrus

primary somatosensory cortex

receives somatosensory information

<p>primary somatosensory cortex</p><p>receives somatosensory information</p>
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frontal lobe

- action lobe

- sending voluntary motor output

- communication

- executive functions: problem solving, planning, judgement, motivation, social behavior, decision making, memory, learning, reward, attention, personality.

<p>- action lobe</p><p>- sending voluntary motor output</p><p>- communication</p><p>- executive functions: problem solving, planning, judgement, motivation, social behavior, decision making, memory, learning, reward, attention, personality.</p>
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parietal lobe

processes somatosensory information:

- pain

-itch

-temperature

- touch

-pressure

-vibration

<p>processes somatosensory information:</p><p>- pain</p><p>-itch</p><p>-temperature</p><p>- touch</p><p>-pressure</p><p>-vibration</p>
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temporal lobe

processing incoming auditory + olfactory information (smell)

<p>processing incoming auditory + olfactory information (smell)</p>
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occipital lobe

- visual stimulus

- visual memory

<p>- visual stimulus</p><p>- visual memory</p>
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insula

- gustatory (taste) information

<p>- gustatory (taste) information</p>
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cerebrum

Area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the body

<p>Area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the body</p>
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corpus callosum

commissure fibers tract that connect the left and right brain

<p>commissure fibers tract that connect the left and right brain</p>
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anterior commissure

bundle of axons that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

<p>bundle of axons that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex</p>
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posterior commissure

between arytenoid cartilages

<p>between arytenoid cartilages</p>
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gray matter

- Includes cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system

<p>- Includes cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system</p>
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septum pellucidum

separates lateral ventricles

<p>separates lateral ventricles</p>
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lateral ventricles

A set of paired ventricles lying within the cerebral hemispheres.

<p>A set of paired ventricles lying within the cerebral hemispheres.</p>
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interventricular foramen

connects third ventricles to lateral ventricles

<p>connects third ventricles to lateral ventricles</p>
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calcarine sulcus

- separates the occipital lobe into superior and inferior halves

- primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe

<p>- separates the occipital lobe into superior and inferior halves</p><p>- primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe</p>
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parieto-occipital sulcus

separates occipital and parietal lobes

<p>separates occipital and parietal lobes</p>
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fornix

processing memory

<p>processing memory</p>
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thalamus

gateway for sensory information

<p>gateway for sensory information</p>
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intermediate mass

commissure connecting R & L lobes of thalamus

<p>commissure connecting R &amp; L lobes of thalamus</p>
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third ventricle

enclosed by the diencephalon

<p>enclosed by the diencephalon</p>
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choroid plexus

- lined with ependymal cells that produce CSF

<p>- lined with ependymal cells that produce CSF</p>
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hypothalamus

- thirst + hunger

<p>- thirst + hunger</p>
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mammillary bodies

- relay stations for sending olfactory information to the temporal lobes

<p>- relay stations for sending olfactory information to the temporal lobes</p>
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pituitary gland

regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.

<p>regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.</p>
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epithalamus

- contains pineal gland that secretes melatonin to regulate sleep-wake cycle

<p>- contains pineal gland that secretes melatonin to regulate sleep-wake cycle</p>
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brain stem

- midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

- controls autonomic behaviors necessary for survival

<p>- midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata</p><p>- controls autonomic behaviors necessary for survival</p>
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mid-brain

- processing motor movements

- hearing

- vision

<p>- processing motor movements</p><p>- hearing</p><p>- vision</p>
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cerebral punduncles

- balance + coordination

- assist in refining motor movements + posture maintenance

<p>- balance + coordination</p><p>- assist in refining motor movements + posture maintenance</p>
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cerebral aqueduct

- allows CSF to flow from third ventricle to fourth ventricle

<p>- allows CSF to flow from third ventricle to fourth ventricle</p>
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corpora quadrigemina

superior and inferior colliculi

<p>superior and inferior colliculi</p>
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superior colliculus

movement of eyes

<p>movement of eyes</p>
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inferior colliculus

understanding sound

<p>understanding sound</p>
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cingulate gyrus

- emotional memory

<p>- emotional memory</p>
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pons

regulation of respiration

<p>regulation of respiration</p>
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fourth ventricles

between brainstem and cerebellum

- produces CSF

<p>between brainstem and cerebellum</p><p>- produces CSF</p>
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medulla oblongata

- regulation of heart rate

- vasodilation + vasoconstriction

<p>- regulation of heart rate</p><p>- vasodilation + vasoconstriction</p>
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Cerebellum

- balance

- muscle coordination

<p>- balance</p><p>- muscle coordination</p>
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arbor vitae

white matter of the cerebellum

<p>white matter of the cerebellum</p>
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vermis

(worm-like structure) connects the two hemispheres of the cerebellum

<p>(worm-like structure) connects the two hemispheres of the cerebellum</p>
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follia + fissures

folds of cerebellum

<p>folds of cerebellum</p>
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spinal cord

a major part of the central nervous system which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain

<p>a major part of the central nervous system which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain</p>
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central canal

Where CSF is transported

<p>Where CSF is transported</p>
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olfactory bulbs

olfactory receptor cells

<p>olfactory receptor cells</p>
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optic chiasma

where optic nerves cross

<p>where optic nerves cross</p>
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diaphragma sellae

a fold of Dura Mater that encases/ lines the sella turcica and pituitary gland

<p>a fold of Dura Mater that encases/ lines the sella turcica and pituitary gland</p>
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projection fibers

- tracts that connect cortex to other areas of CNS

- ex: internal capsule that connects brainstem to cerebral cortex

<p>- tracts that connect cortex to other areas of CNS</p><p>- ex: internal capsule that connects brainstem to cerebral cortex</p>
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association fibers

- tracts that connect different areas of the brain

- ex: fornix + cingulate gyrus

<p>- tracts that connect different areas of the brain</p><p>- ex: fornix + cingulate gyrus</p>
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commissural fibers

- tracts that cross the midline of the brain

- corpus callosum

- anterior + posterior commissures

<p>- tracts that cross the midline of the brain</p><p>- corpus callosum</p><p>- anterior + posterior commissures</p>
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dura mater

tough layer of meninge

- protection

<p>tough layer of meninge</p><p>- protection</p>
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falx cerebri

separates cerebral hemispheres

<p>separates cerebral hemispheres</p>
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falx cerebelli

separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum

<p>separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum</p>
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tentorium cerebelli

separates cerebrum from cerebellum

<p>separates cerebrum from cerebellum</p>
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superior sagittal sinus

- blood vessels that returns blood to neck

<p>- blood vessels that returns blood to neck</p>
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inferior sagittal sinus

- blood vessels that returns blood to neck

<p>- blood vessels that returns blood to neck</p>
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Arachnoid mater

Middle layer of meninges, web-like structure.

<p>Middle layer of meninges, web-like structure.</p>
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subdural space

space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater, contains interstitial fluid

<p>space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater, contains interstitial fluid</p>
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subarachnoid space

contains CSF from ependymal cells

<p>contains CSF from ependymal cells</p>
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arachnoid villi

- structures that return cerebrospinal fluid to the venous blood in the dural sinuses

<p>- structures that return cerebrospinal fluid to the venous blood in the dural sinuses</p>
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pia mater

- thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges

<p>- thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges</p>
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interthalamic adhesion

goes inside the 3rd ventricles

<p>goes inside the 3rd ventricles</p>
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pineal gland

- secretes melatonin

- regulation of circadian rhythm

<p>- secretes melatonin</p><p>- regulation of circadian rhythm</p>
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apertures (lateral + median)

holes that allow CSF to be transported to arachnoid vili

<p>holes that allow CSF to be transported to arachnoid vili</p>
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dural mater

tough mater closer to the bones that protects the spinal cord

<p>tough mater closer to the bones that protects the spinal cord</p>
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epidural space

fat + network of veins that protects and between dura mater + vertebrae

<p>fat + network of veins that protects and between dura mater + vertebrae</p>
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dorsal median sulcus

a depression that separates the posterior funiculi

<p>a depression that separates the posterior funiculi</p>
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ventral median fissure

a deep groove that slightly separates the spinal cord

<p>a deep groove that slightly separates the spinal cord</p>
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dorsal horn

hold somatosensory interneurons (somatic + visceral)

<p>hold somatosensory interneurons (somatic + visceral)</p>
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lateral horn

contains autonomic motor neurons to innervate cardiac + smooth muscle, CAN ONLY BE FOUND IN THE THORACIC + SUPERIOR LUMBAR SEGMENTS

<p>contains autonomic motor neurons to innervate cardiac + smooth muscle, CAN ONLY BE FOUND IN THE THORACIC + SUPERIOR LUMBAR SEGMENTS</p>
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ventral horn

holds somatic motor neurons + responsible for innervating skeletal muscle

<p>holds somatic motor neurons + responsible for innervating skeletal muscle</p>
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dorsal funiculus

white mater containing several fiber tracts/axons between the ventral horns posteriorly

<p>white mater containing several fiber tracts/axons between the ventral horns posteriorly</p>
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lateral funiculus

white matter containing several fibers tracts/ axons between the ventral + dorsal horn

<p>white matter containing several fibers tracts/ axons between the ventral + dorsal horn</p>
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ventral funiculus

white matter containing several fiber tracts/axons between the ventral horns anteriorly

<p>white matter containing several fiber tracts/axons between the ventral horns anteriorly</p>
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gray commissure

bridge of gray matter that connects masses of gray matter on either side allowing communication between both masses of gray matter

<p>bridge of gray matter that connects masses of gray matter on either side allowing communication between both masses of gray matter</p>