Neuroanatomy week 1- Overview of the Nervous System
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tp25wrm-AoA
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116 Terms
what is figure 1?
Medial
what is figure 2?
lateral
what is figure 3?
Lateral
what is figure 4
Rostral
what is figure 5
Caudal
what is figure 6
Anterior
what is figure 7
Posterior
what is figure 1
frontal or coronal plane
what is figure 2
sagittal plane
what is figure 3
Horizontal plane
what is figure 1
Peripheral nervous system PNS
what is figure 2
cranial nerves
what is figure 3
spinal nerves
what is figure 1
Central nervous system CNS
what is figure 2
cerebrum
what is figure 3
brainstem
what is figure 4
cerebellum
what is figure 5
spinal cord
what is figure 1
Afferent
what is figure 2
Efferent
what is figure 1
White matter (axons)
what is figure 2
Grey matter (cell bodies)
what is figure 1
anterior
what is figure 2
posterior
what is figure 3
rostral
what is figure 4
dorsal
what is figure 5
caudal
what is figure 6
ventral
what is figure 7
rostral
what is figure 8
ventral
what is figure 9
dorsal
what is figure 10
caudal
what is figure 11
superior
what is figure 12
inferior
Autonomic nervous system consists of the
sympathetic system and parasympathetic system
The Autonomic nervous system is located in the
prefrontal cerebral cortex and subcortical regions
Sympathetic nervous system
Fight, Flight, and Freeze
Parasympathetic nervous system
slows heart rate, constricts pupils, and lowers blood pressure
The Somatic Nervous system is made up of
skeletal muscles, pyramidal or direct system, extrapyramidal or indirect system, and conscious or controlled movements.
Pyramidal or Direct system
control of conscious controlled skilled movement
Extrapyramidal or Indirect system
control of background, supportive movements
Embryonic period →
Weeks 1–8 of development
Fetal period →
Weeks 9–37 of development
What embryological structure does the nervous system develop from?
The neural plate
Neural tube
A structure that begins forming by about 4 weeks gestational age and gives rise to structures of the nervous system
When does the neural tube begin forming?
Around 4 weeks gestational age (GA)
What develops from the neural tube?
Structures of the nervous system
Neural crest cells
Cells that move to the periphery of the neural tube and form structures including the cranial and spinal nerves
What happens around 4 weeks to the neural tube?
It “pinches” to form three bulges
Three primary brain vesicles- P
Prosencephalon
Three primary brain vesicles- M
Mesencephalon
Three primary brain vesicles- R
Rhombencephalon
Prosencephalon
The forebrain; develops into the telencephalon and diencephalon
Prosencephalon- develops into the (1) T
telencephalon
Prosencephalon- develops into the (2) D
diencephalon
Prosencephalon develops into: →
Telencephalon + Diencephalon
Telencephalon →
Develops into the cerebral hemispheres and subcortical structures
Cerebral hemispheres
The two major halves of the cerebrum
Subcortical structures
Structures located below the cerebral cortex.
Diencephalon
Develops into structures including the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland
Thalamus →
A major structure that develops from the diencephalon
Hypothalamus
A structure that develops from the diencephalon
Pituitary gland
A structure associated with the diencephalon in the slide's developmental organization.
Mesencephalon develops into:
midbrain
Midbrain →
Part of the brainstem
Cerebral peduncles →
Structures associated with the midbrain that connect to the cerebellum according to the slides
Rhombencephalon develops into: → (1) Me
Metencephalon
Rhombencephalon develops into: → (1) My
Myelencephalon
Metencephalon →
Develops into the pons and cerebellum.
Pons →
A structure that develops from the metencephalon.
Cerebellum →
A structure that develops from the metencephalon
Myelencephalon →
Develops into the medulla oblongata
Medulla oblongata →
A structure that develops from the myelencephalon
1
Prosencephalo
2
telencephalon
7
cerebran hemispheres
8
subcortical structures
3
Diencephalon
9
thalamus
10
hypothalamus
11
pituitary grand
4
Mesencephalon
12
Midbrain (brainstem)
13
Cerebral peduncles (connected to cerebellum)
5
Rhomencephalon
6
metencephalon
14
pons
15
cerebellum
16
myelencephalon
17
medulla oblongata
1
neural fold of forebrain
2
neural plate
3
neural groove
4
Prosencephalon (forebrain)
5
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
6
rhombencephalon
7
spinal cord
8
telencephalon
9
optic vesicle
10
diencephalon