WHAP Notes: Heimler 1.3 Developments in South and SE Asia & AMSCO 2.3: Exchnage in the Indian Ocean G.O.

Delhi Sultanate

Muslim group controlling most of North India

Vijayanagara Empire

2 Hindu to Muslim brothers sent by Delhi Sultanate to see South India; converted back to Hindu and established their empire in South India.

Bhakti Movement

12th century; emphasized direct relationship with gods over good behavior.

Caste System

Hierarchy of ppl based on their karma.

Brahmins

Priests, Scholars in Caste System

Kshatriyas

Rules, administrators, warriors of Caste System

Vaishyas

Artisans, tradesmen, farmers, merchants of Caste System

Shudras

Manual Labor of Caste System

Southeast Asia

Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, etc.; Originally Hindu and Buddhist due to trade.

Majapahit Kingdom

1293; sea-trade kingdom; Island of Java; controlled Sea trade routes; Buddhists.

Khmer Empire

802; land Kingdom; complex irrigation and drainage system in Mekong River; Hindus, Buddhists; Muslims lived there b/c of trade routes.

c. 1200-1450

Exchange in the Indian Ocean Time Period

Dar-al-Islam

“House of Islam”; The Muslim world that connected North Africa to South Asia.

East Africa, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia.

Main Seafaring Traders in Indian Ocean Trade Route.

Calcut & Cambay

Main trade centers of Indian Ocean Trade Route

Cotton, fabric, carpets, high-carbon steel, leather, stonework, pepper

Specialized Goods from India

Spices: Cardamon, nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves; aka Spice Islands

Specialized Goods from Malaysia & Indonesia

Slaves, ivory, gold

Specialized Goods from East Africa

Silk, porcelain

Specialized Goods from China

Horses, figs, & dates

Specialized Goods from Middle East

Lateen Sails

Triangle sails that catch wind from many directions, made by the Arabs

Stern Rudder

Panes of wood at the end of ship; allowed ships to maneuver; made by the Chinese

Dhows

Long wooden ships; quickly spread teachings; Made by Arabs & Indians

Astroblade

Allowed sailors to know how much North or south they were from the equator; Muslims - 12th century

Monsoon winds

Winds based on seasons; winter: winds came from the northeast; in the summer: southwest.

Indian Ocean Slave Trade

East Africa →North Africa, Middle East, & India; Before American Slave trade; peaking in 18th and 19th century; slaves worked with free people (Sea ports), had opportunities to advance, and if converted to Islam, able to marry; treated much better than American Slaves.

Malacca/Melaka

Muslim City-State/Sumatra State; Later invaded by the Portuguese; Trade City that connected India to China. Ships would have to pay fees for going through the trade → profit; Importance: major city developed on trade.

Diaspora Community

Settlements of ppl who are away from their homeland (in this case, usually merchants)

Gujarat

The Indian/Royal State: Indian Rajput; Western part of India; The go-to city for trade between the East & West & held high revenue from custom; flourished b/c of it’s proximity to the coast and equal-ish distance between East & West.

Zheng He

A Chinese, Muslim Admiral; 15th Century; Sailed from China to Indonesia, Ceylon, coastal areas in Indian Ocean, Arabia, East Coast of Africa, Cape of Good Hope.

Swahili City-States

Trade cities on the east coast of Africa; literally translated to “coasters”. Kilwa, Mobasa (modern Kenya), Zanzibar (modern Tanzania); Sold ivory, gold, slaves, tortoise shells, peacock feathers, rhino horns to the Arabs. They received Chinese porcelain, Indian cotton, and iron. Architecture of coal and stone houses shows economic success.