Studied by 3 people
What does reactivity mean?
how vigorously a substance chemically reacts
How can metals be ordered by their reactivity?
by comparing their ractions with water, acid or oxygen.
What name is given to a list of metals ordered by ther reactivity?
reactivity series
In terms of electrons, what makes some metals more reactive than others?
they lose their outer shell electron(s) more easily
Why are gold and silver found naturally as elements in the Earth’s crust?
they are very unreactive
What is an ore?
rock containing enough of a metal compound to be economically worth extracting
How are metals less reactive than carbon extracted from their ores?
reduction with carbon
In terms of oxygen, what is oxidisation?
addition of oxygen
In terms of oxygen, what is reduction?
removal of oxygen
Why can metals like potassium and aluminium not be extracted by reduction with carbon?
they are more reactive than carbon
How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted from their ores?
electrolysis
What is a displacement reaction?
a more reactive substance takes the place of a less reactive substance in a compound
What is an ionic equation?
Equation which gives some substances as ions and has spectator ions removed
What type of sunstance is given as ions in an ionic equation?
ionic comopounds in solution (or liquid)
What is a spectator ion?
ion that is uncharged in a reaction
What is a half equation?
equation that shows wether a substance is losing or gaining electrons
In terms of electrons, what is oxidisation?
loss of electrons
In terms of electrons, what is reduction?
gain of electrons
In terms of pH, what is an acid?
a solution with a pH of less than 7
In terms of pH, what is a neutral solution?
a solution with a pH of 7
In terms of H+ ions, what is an acid?
a substance that releases H+ ions when dissolved in water
How is the amount of H+ ions in a solution related to its pH?
the more H+ ions, the lower the pH
What are the names and formulae of three main acids?
hydrochloric acid, HCl; sulfuric acid, H2SO4; nitric acid, HNO3
How do you measure the pH of a substance?
universal indicator or pH probe
What is a strong acid?
an acid where the molecules or ions completely ionise in water
What is a weak acid?
an acid where the molecules or ions partially ionise in water
What is a salt?
compound formed when a metal ion takes the place of a hydrogen ion in an acid
Which type of salts do sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid form?
sulfates, chlorides, nitrates
What are the products of a reaction between a metal and an acid?
salt + hydrogen
What are the products of a reaction between a metal hydroxide and an acid?
salt + water
What are the products of a reaction between a metal oxide and an acid?
salt + water
What are the products of a reaction between a metal carbonate and an acid?
salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is a base?
substance that reacts with acids in neutralisation reactions
What is an alkali?
substance that dissolves in water to form a solution above pH 7
What is a neutralisation reaction?
a reaction between an acid and a base to produce water
What is the ionic equation for a reaction between an acid and an alkali?
H+(aq) + OH−(aq) ➞ H2O(l)
How can you obtain a solid salt from a solution?
crystallisation
When an acid reacts with a metal, which species is oxidised?
the metal
When ann acid reacts with a metal, which species is reduced?
hydrogen
What are the four state symbols and what do they stand for?
(s) solid, (l) liquid, (g) gas, (aq) aqueous or dissolved in water
